{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T19:55:43Z","timestamp":1781898943773,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":222,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Collaborative Research and Training Experience (CREATE) Program onTrust in Connected and Autonomous Vehicles"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2026.3699223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T19:38:11Z","timestamp":1780342691000},"page":"6415-6446","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Survey on Deep Multi-Task Learning in Connected Autonomous Vehicles"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9570-1656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiayuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7122-9975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farhad","family":"Pourpanah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen&#x2019;s University, Kingston, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5208-7975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Q. M. Jonathan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8781-4925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2021.3138275"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2020.3020854"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2025.3581152"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2021.3057017"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3149714"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2023.3302474"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2024.110939"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-91813-1_14"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2888904"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2869360"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2015.12.008"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2983149"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2023.03.009"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2023.3314512"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2023.3345296"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v39i8.32902"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW53098.2021.00325"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIV.2024.3366245"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2018.8546189"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2025.129857"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2024.3394350"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2018.8500504"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2021.3059674"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2020.3013234"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11633-022-1339-y"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2023.3273286"},{"key":"ref27","volume-title":"Designing the 5th-Generation Waymo Driver","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2020.2971054"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2023.3248483"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2013.2262331"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13010089"},{"key":"ref32","volume-title":"Tesla Vision Update: Replacing Ultrasonic Sensors With Tesla Vision","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52202\/068431-1428"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007379606734"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2021.3054719"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2021.3070203"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asmb.2772"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106496"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2024.102223"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3355034"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42154-024-00310-2"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2025.3626504"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2025.3600903"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s25082611"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2024.3415053"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2023.110152"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2020.11.024"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2025.3560615"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2025.3528453"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2025.3588171"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2025.3586212"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2854724"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2017.60"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RCAR.2018.8621688"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173162.3173191"},{"key":"ref56","article-title":"An overview of multi-task learning in deep neural networks","author":"Ruder","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv:1706.05098"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3383313.3412236"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSC.2018.8585340"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2021.12.315"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2024.3381161"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3043716"},{"key":"ref62","volume-title":"Vehicle Computer","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref63","volume-title":"Drive Agx Orin Developer Kit","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref64","volume-title":"Horizon JourneyT Series","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref65","volume-title":"Eyeq Chip","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref66","volume-title":"Snapdragon Ride","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref67","article-title":"Upgrade of the ee-architecture of an electric test vehicle with drive-by-wire component","author":"Obertino","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3844\/jmrsp.2022.1.6"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09544070231167906"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIV.2023.3336310"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2025.3550402"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IV55156.2024.10588726"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2025.3531506"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24144685"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-21541-4_17"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2019.2928969"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.3059759"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITNEC52019.2021.9586818"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00423114.2024.2347494"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2024.3390738"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2022.3150365"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-021-03929-8"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2024.3435937"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIV.2024.3371974"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2022.3160932"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122836"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2024.3384132"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2011.2132790"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2020.3029723"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app12136782"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2430656"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTC2020-Spring48590.2020.9129382"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2025.3560738"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-19842-7_7"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2023.3264608"},{"key":"ref96","article-title":"V2X-PC: Vehicle-to-everything collaborative perception via point cluster","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2403.16635"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58536-5_36"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2025.3546862"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIV.2023.3293954"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA57147.2024.10610188"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v39i9.33040"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/itr2.12501"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.01099"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2021.3104166"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15607\/RSS.2021.XVII.066"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2025.3528980"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIV.2023.3321679"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2024.3367459"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2023.109690"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2023.3311011"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2024.3525356"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2020.106533"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.433"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SCISISIS55246.2022.10001943"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-024-10753-7"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.01557"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV56688.2023.00236"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIV.2023.3319546"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00368"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v33i01.33019977"},{"key":"ref121","first-page":"5824","article-title":"Gradient surgery for multi-task learning","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"33","author":"Yu"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1014052.1014067"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-020-05268-w"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2024.3389672"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-023-02809-x"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00781"},{"key":"ref127","first-page":"794","article-title":"GradNorm: Gradient normalization for adaptive loss balancing in deep multitask networks","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Chen"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW50498.2020.00361"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00197"},{"key":"ref130","first-page":"18878","article-title":"Conflict-averse gradient descent for multi-task learning","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst. (NIPS)","author":"Liu"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2022.3223377"},{"key":"ref132","article-title":"Multi-task learning as a bargaining game","author":"Navon","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2202.01017"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2025.111423"},{"key":"ref134","first-page":"525","article-title":"Multi-task learning as multi-objective optimization","volume-title":"Proc. NIPS","author":"Sener"},{"key":"ref135","first-page":"12037","article-title":"Pareto multi-task learning","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst., Annu. Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst. (NeurIPS)","volume":"32","author":"Lin"},{"key":"ref136","first-page":"6522","article-title":"Efficient continuous Pareto exploration in multi-task learning","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Ma"},{"key":"ref137","first-page":"15895","article-title":"A multi-objective\/multi-task learning framework induced by Pareto stationarity","volume-title":"Proc. 39th Int. Conf. Mach. Learn. (ICML)","author":"Momma"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIV.2023.3270878"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23136238"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TETCI.2023.3235381"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJITS.2023.3335648"},{"key":"ref142","article-title":"Signal strength prediction in cellular V2X networks using hardware-aware multitasking transformer","author":"Iliadis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Authorea Preprints"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2025.3548801"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2024.3472211"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2009.5206848"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-69535-4_40"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2024.103085"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTE.2024.3462449"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MITS.2023.3283864"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS60139.2025.11246787"},{"key":"ref151","article-title":"FusionAD: Multi-modality fusion for prediction and planning tasks of autonomous driving","author":"Ye","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2308.01006"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2019.8917422"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IWCMC58020.2023.10183163"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23083853"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC45102.2020.9294676"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2023.3296735"},{"key":"ref157","article-title":"YOLOPv2: Better, faster, stronger for panoptic driving perception","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2208.11434"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app12062877"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2024.3454773"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00138-024-01525-3"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2025.3558467"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2017.08.035"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v35i17.17800"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-69535-4_41"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC48978.2021.9564969"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP48485.2024.10445836"},{"key":"ref167","article-title":"RMT-PPAD: Real-time multi-task learning for panoptic perception in autonomous driving","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2508.06529"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v39i2.32227"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00927"},{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2015.7355568"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rob.21918"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/iti\/liac020"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2016.2577031"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.322"},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2021.3095305"},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.01044"},{"key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00140"},{"key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.91"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2015.2389824"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.106"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.l007\/978-3-319-46448-0_2"},{"key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app14114705"},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2971026"},{"key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.1706.03762"},{"key":"ref185","article-title":"An image is worth 16\u00d716 words: Transformers for image recognition at scale","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Learn. Represent. (ICLR)","author":"Dosovitskiy"},{"key":"ref186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2022.3152247"},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2024.3369699"},{"key":"ref188","article-title":"BEV-CLIP: Multi-modal BEV retrieval methodology for complex scene in autonomous driving","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2401.01065"},{"key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v39i7.32782"},{"key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA57147.2024.10611485"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01048"},{"key":"ref192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MOST60774.2024.00009"},{"key":"ref193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACVW60836.2024.00102"},{"key":"ref194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIV.2024.3488793"},{"key":"ref195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.01398"},{"key":"ref196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTE.2023.3293495"},{"key":"ref197","article-title":"Hybridnets: End-to-end perception network","author":"Vu","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2203.09035"},{"key":"ref198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00271"},{"key":"ref199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tiv.2024.3411050"},{"key":"ref200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICUS61736.2024.10839829"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2022.3153815"},{"key":"ref202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2021.103259"},{"key":"ref203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tse\/tdac073"},{"key":"ref204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.robot.2023.104580"},{"key":"ref205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIV.2023.3275164"},{"key":"ref206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2024.3386689"},{"key":"ref207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1997.9.8.1735"},{"key":"ref208","article-title":"Unified end-to-end V2X cooperative autonomous driving","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2405.03971"},{"key":"ref209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51701.2025.02356"},{"key":"ref210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51701.2025.00418"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v38i6.28370"},{"key":"ref212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01712"},{"key":"ref213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS58592.2024.10802740"},{"key":"ref214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21041039"},{"key":"ref215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2025.3568214"},{"key":"ref216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55343\/CogSust.124"},{"key":"ref217","first-page":"1587","article-title":"Addressing function approximation error in actor-critic methods","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn. (ICML)","author":"Fujimoto"},{"key":"ref218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC45102.2020.9294301"},{"key":"ref219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2023.3259688"},{"key":"ref220","first-page":"18932","article-title":"Revisiting deep learning models for tabular data","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst. (NeurIPS)","volume":"34","author":"Gorishniy"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2021.3056383"},{"key":"ref222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2022.3156941"}],"container-title":["IEEE Communications Surveys &amp; Tutorials"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/9739\/11321210\/11543243.pdf?arnumber=11543243","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T19:43:39Z","timestamp":1781898219000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11543243\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":222,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/comst.2026.3699223","relation":{},"ISSN":["1553-877X","2373-745X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-877X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2373-745X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}