{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T14:42:30Z","timestamp":1730212950767,"version":"3.28.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"IEEE","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/cycon.2014.6916394","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,8]],"date-time":"2014-10-08T17:36:10Z","timestamp":1412789770000},"page":"39-50","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The drawbacks and dangers of active defense"],"prefix":"10.1109","author":[{"given":"Oona A.","family":"Hathaway","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"35","first-page":"100","article-title":"Computer network attacks and self-defense","volume":"99","author":"dinstein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Computer Network Attack and International Law"},{"journal-title":"Military and Paramilitary Activities in and Against Nicaragua (Nicar V U S )","year":"1986","key":"36"},{"key":"33","first-page":"484","article-title":"Dep't of Def., An assessment of international legal issues in information operations","volume":"459","year":"1999","journal-title":"Computer Network Attack and International Law"},{"year":"0","key":"34"},{"volume":"14","journal-title":"I J C","year":"1986","key":"39"},{"journal-title":"G A Res","year":"1974","key":"37"},{"year":"0","key":"38"},{"year":"0","key":"43"},{"year":"0","key":"42"},{"year":"0","key":"41"},{"year":"0","key":"40"},{"year":"0","key":"67"},{"journal-title":"Separate Opinion of Judge Simma","year":"0","key":"66"},{"year":"0","key":"69"},{"key":"68","first-page":"252","article-title":"Outcasting: Enforcement in domestic and international law","volume":"121","author":"hathaway","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Yale Law Journal"},{"year":"0","key":"22"},{"year":"0","key":"23"},{"year":"0","key":"24"},{"year":"0","key":"25"},{"journal-title":"International Strategy for Cyberspace","first-page":"5","year":"2011","key":"26"},{"key":"27","first-page":"95","author":"gray","year":"2004","journal-title":"International Law and the Use of Force"},{"journal-title":"International Strategy for Cyberspace","first-page":"5","year":"2011","key":"28"},{"key":"29","first-page":"238","article-title":"Self-defense targetings of non-state actors and permissibility of U.S. Use of drones in Pakistan","volume":"19","author":"paust","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Transnat'l L & Pol'y"},{"journal-title":"U S Military Goes on Cyber Offensive","year":"2012","author":"zachary","key":"3"},{"key":"2","article-title":"BP fight off up to 50,000 Cyber0Attacks a Day","author":"tomaso","year":"2013","journal-title":"CNBC"},{"key":"1","first-page":"817","article-title":"The law of cyber-attack","volume":"100","author":"hathaway","year":"2012","journal-title":"S Cal L Rev"},{"key":"7","first-page":"21","article-title":"International law in cyberspace: The Koh speech and tallinn manual juxtaposed","volume":"54","author":"schmitt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Harvard Int'l L J"},{"year":"0","key":"30"},{"journal-title":"While Serving As Legal Adviser for the U S Department of State","year":"0","author":"koh","key":"6"},{"year":"0","key":"5"},{"year":"0","key":"32"},{"journal-title":"U S Nukes Face Up to 10 Million Cyber Attacks Daily","year":"2012","author":"koebler","key":"4"},{"year":"0","key":"31"},{"journal-title":"International Law","first-page":"862","year":"1995","key":"70"},{"key":"71","first-page":"321","article-title":"Espionage in international law","volume":"24","author":"demarest","year":"1996","journal-title":"DENV J INT'L L & POL'Y"},{"key":"9","first-page":"791","volume":"1","author":"randelzhofer","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Charter of the United Nations A Commentary"},{"key":"72","first-page":"12","article-title":"Espionage and the doctrine of non-intervention in internal affairs","volume":"3","author":"wright","year":"1962","journal-title":"Essays on Espionage and International Law"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511779527"},{"year":"0","key":"73"},{"year":"0","key":"59"},{"year":"0","key":"58"},{"year":"0","key":"57"},{"journal-title":"Commentaries to the Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (Adopted by the International Law Commission at Its 53rd Session)","year":"2001","key":"56"},{"journal-title":"NATO Agrees Common Approach to Cyber Defence","year":"2008","key":"19"},{"year":"0","key":"55"},{"key":"17","first-page":"73","article-title":"Legitimacy after Kosovo and Iraq","volume":"69","author":"franck","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Law and the Use of Force at the Turn of Centuries Essays in Honour of V D Degan"},{"journal-title":"Russia Accused of Unleashing Cyberwar to Disable Estonia","year":"2007","author":"ian","key":"18"},{"key":"15","first-page":"74","article-title":"Solving the dilemma of state responses to cyberattacks: A justifi cation for the use of active defenses against states who neglect their duty to prevent","volume":"201","author":"sklerov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mil L Rev"},{"key":"16","first-page":"176","author":"carr","year":"2010","journal-title":"Inside Cyber Warfare"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.1674565"},{"key":"14","first-page":"129","author":"sharp","year":"1999","journal-title":"CyberSpace and the Use of Force"},{"year":"0","key":"11"},{"key":"12","first-page":"80","article-title":"Computer network attack as a use of force under article 2(4) of the united nations charter","volume":"73","author":"silver","year":"2002","journal-title":"Computer Network Attack and International Law"},{"year":"0","key":"21"},{"year":"0","key":"20"},{"year":"0","key":"64"},{"journal-title":"I J C","first-page":"161","year":"2003","key":"65"},{"year":"0","key":"62"},{"year":"0","key":"63"},{"year":"0","key":"60"},{"year":"0","key":"61"},{"year":"0","key":"49"},{"year":"0","key":"48"},{"year":"0","key":"45"},{"year":"0","key":"44"},{"year":"0","key":"47"},{"key":"46","first-page":"22","volume":"4","year":"1949","journal-title":"I J C"},{"year":"0","key":"10"},{"journal-title":"Nat'l Research Council of the Nat'l Acads Technology Policy Law and Ethics Regarding U S Acquisition and Use of Cyberattack Capabilities","first-page":"38","year":"2009","key":"51"},{"key":"52","first-page":"415","article-title":"Mitigative counterstriking: Self-defense and deterrence in cyberspace","volume":"25","author":"kesan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Harv J L & Tech"},{"key":"53","article-title":"Below the threshold\" Cyber operations: The countermeasures response option and international law","volume":"54","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cyber Operations The Countermeasures Response Option and International Law"},{"year":"0","key":"54"},{"journal-title":"Department of Defense Strategy for Operating in Cyberspace","first-page":"2","year":"2011","key":"50"}],"event":{"name":"2014 6th International Conference on Cyber Conflict (CyCon)","start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,3]]},"location":"Tallinn, Estonia","end":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,6]]}},"container-title":["2014 6th International Conference On Cyber Conflict (CyCon 2014)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6876058\/6916383\/06916394.pdf?arnumber=6916394","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,23]],"date-time":"2017-03-23T14:04:45Z","timestamp":1490277885000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/6916394\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"references-count":73,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/cycon.2014.6916394","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]}}}