{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:51:00Z","timestamp":1777589460607,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"IEEE","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/cyconus.2016.7836619","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,7]],"date-time":"2017-02-07T20:39:40Z","timestamp":1486499980000},"page":"1-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cyber deterrence in times of cyber anarchy - evaluating the divergences in U.S. and Chinese strategic thinking"],"prefix":"10.1109","author":[{"given":"Elsa B.","family":"Kania","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref73","article-title":"For the First Time, Deterrence Becomes a Crux Part of Cyber Strategy, [with] the Offensive Quality More Intense","year":"2015","journal-title":"The PLA Daily"},{"key":"ref72","year":"0","journal-title":"Ibid"},{"key":"ref71","year":"0","journal-title":"Ibid"},{"key":"ref70","year":"0"},{"key":"ref76","year":"0","journal-title":"Ibid"},{"key":"ref77","year":"0","journal-title":"Ibid"},{"key":"ref74","article-title":"The Building of Strengthened Cyber Deterrence Forces is the Way of an Information-Age Power","author":"yamin","year":"2015","journal-title":"China Information Security"},{"key":"ref39","article-title":"The Strategic Support Force: China's Information Warfare Service","volume":"16","author":"costello","year":"2016","journal-title":"China Brief"},{"key":"ref75","year":"0","journal-title":"Ibid"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Experts: The Strategic Support Force Will Extend Through the Whole Process of Operations [and] Is the Crux of Victory and Defeat","year":"2016","journal-title":"People's Daily Online"},{"key":"ref78","year":"0","journal-title":"Ibid"},{"key":"ref79","year":"0","journal-title":"Ibid"},{"key":"ref33","year":"0","journal-title":"Ibid"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"White House finally acquiesces to Congress on cyber deterrence policy","author":"maucione","year":"0","journal-title":"White House sends cyber deterrence policy to Congress"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"McCain thinks cyber deterrence policy is a hack","author":"maucione","year":"2016","journal-title":"Federal News Radio"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"White House finally acquiesces to Congress on cyber deterrence policy","author":"maucione","year":"2015","journal-title":"Federal News Radio"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"International Law in cyberspace","author":"koh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remarks as Prepared for Delivery to the USCYBERCOM Inter-Agency Legal Conference"},{"key":"ref36","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Strategy for Cyberspace"},{"key":"ref35","year":"0","journal-title":"Ibid"},{"key":"ref34","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Cyberspace Policy Strategy"},{"key":"ref60","year":"0","journal-title":"Ibid"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"138","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Science of Military Strategy"},{"key":"ref61","year":"0","journal-title":"Ibid"},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"148","year":"0","journal-title":"Ibid"},{"key":"ref28","author":"sgt","year":"2015","journal-title":"New DoD Cyber Strategy Nears Release Official Says"},{"key":"ref64","year":"2011","journal-title":"Military Term"},{"key":"ref27","year":"0","journal-title":"Ibid"},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"193","year":"0","journal-title":"The Science of Military Strategy"},{"key":"ref66","first-page":"194","year":"0","journal-title":"Ibid"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"McCain blasts administration on deterrence","author":"starks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Politico"},{"key":"ref67","year":"0","journal-title":"Ibid"},{"key":"ref68","year":"0","journal-title":"Ibid"},{"key":"ref69","year":"0","journal-title":"Ibid"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0020818300027764"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA553620"},{"key":"ref20","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Strategy for Cyberspace"},{"key":"ref22","year":"2011","journal-title":"Department of Defense Strategy for Operating in Cyberspace"},{"key":"ref21","year":"0","journal-title":"Ibid"},{"key":"ref24","year":"2015","journal-title":"US D The Department of Defense Cyber Strategy"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Cyber chief: Efforts to deter attacks against the U.S. are not working","author":"nakashima","year":"2015","journal-title":"Washington Post"},{"key":"ref26","year":"0","journal-title":"Ibid"},{"key":"ref25","year":"0","journal-title":"Ibid"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7249\/RR1366"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"134","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Science of Military Strategy"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2538636"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA584671"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780190201265.003.0006"},{"key":"ref91","year":"2015","journal-title":"US D The Department of Defense Cyber Strategy"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2538549"},{"key":"ref59","year":"0"},{"key":"ref58","year":"0","journal-title":"Ibid"},{"key":"ref57","year":"0","journal-title":"Ibid"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"237","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Science of Military Strategy"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"215","author":"guangqian","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Science of Military Strategy"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"237","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Science of Military Strategy"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"Chinese Thinking on Deterrence and Compellence in the Network Domain","author":"mcreynolds","year":"2013","journal-title":"CAPS-RAND PLA Conference"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09636419608429280"},{"key":"ref10","year":"2011","journal-title":"Joint Operations"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA553620"},{"key":"ref40","year":"0","journal-title":"China's Military Strategy"},{"key":"ref12","author":"libicki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cyberdeterrence and Cyberwar"},{"key":"ref13","author":"nye","year":"2011","journal-title":"POWER FOR THE FUTURE"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01402390.2014.977382"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2538549"},{"key":"ref82","author":"yi","year":"0","journal-title":"An Analysis of the Essentials of Characteristics Forms and Usage of Cyberspace Deterrence"},{"key":"ref16","author":"pellerin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Haney Strategic Deterrence More Than a Nuclear Triad"},{"key":"ref81","article-title":"An Analysis of the Essentials of Characteristics, Forms, and Usage of Cyberspace Deterrence","author":"yi","year":"2016","journal-title":"China Information Security"},{"key":"ref17","author":"libicki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cyberdeterrence and Cyberwar"},{"key":"ref84","article-title":"A Force for Cyber Anarchy or Cyber Order? &#x2014;PLA Perspectives on &#x201C;Cyber Rules","author":"kania","year":"2016","journal-title":"China Brief"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"CIA Director Leon Panetta Warns of Possible Cyber-Pearl Harbor","author":"ryan","year":"2011","journal-title":"ABC News"},{"key":"ref83","article-title":"Against the Backdrop of the Whole World Jointly Governing Cyber Security, a Reflection on the Prospects for the Construction of China's Cyber (&#x2018;Net&#x2019;) Army","author":"yeli","year":"2016","journal-title":"China Information Security"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13523260.2012.659593"},{"key":"ref80","article-title":"An Expansive, and Dangerous, Chinese View on Cyber Deterrence","author":"segal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Council On Foreign Relations"},{"key":"ref89","author":"kagan","year":"0","journal-title":"for raising this point"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2538549"},{"key":"ref3","year":"0","journal-title":"Ibid"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"134","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Science of Military Strategy"},{"key":"ref5","year":"2015","journal-title":"China's Military Strategy"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01402390.2010.489706"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01402390.2011.608939"},{"key":"ref86","article-title":"Ocean Lotus OceanLotus: China Hits Back With Its Own Cybersecurity Report","author":"segal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Council On Foreign Relations"},{"key":"ref7","year":"0","journal-title":"Ibid"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09636412.2013.844524"},{"key":"ref87","year":"0"},{"key":"ref88","article-title":"Electronic Warfare and the Renaissance of Chinese Information Operations","author":"costello","year":"2016","journal-title":"China's Evolving Military Strategy"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Applicability of Traditional Deterrence Concepts and Theory to the Cyber Realm","author":"morgan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Committee on Deterring Cyberattacks National Research Council &#x201C;Proceedings of a Workshop on Deterring Cyber Attacks Informing Strategies and Developing Options for U S Policy"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"237","article-title":"China's Evolving Approach to Strategic Deterrence","author":"blasko","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Science of Military Strategy"},{"key":"ref45","author":"johnston","year":"2008","journal-title":"English-Chinese-Chinese English Nuclear Security Glossary"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.polisci.2.1.25","article-title":"Deterrence and International Conflict: Empirical Findings and Theoretical Debate","volume":"2","author":"johnston","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annual Review of Political Science"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"134","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Science of Military Strategy"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"92","article-title":"Chinese Views on Deterrence","volume":"60","author":"cheng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Joint Forces Quart"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"China's Evolving Approach to Strategic Deterrence","author":"blasko","year":"2016","journal-title":"China's Evolving Military Strategy"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"423","article-title":"Coercion and military strategy: why denial works and punishment doesn't","volume":"15","author":"george","year":"2003","journal-title":"The United States and Coercive Diplomacy"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"237","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Science of Military Strategy"}],"event":{"name":"2016 International Conference on Cyber Conflict (CyCon U.S.)","location":"Washington, DC, USA","start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,21]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,23]]}},"container-title":["2016 International Conference on Cyber Conflict (CyCon U.S.)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/7836073\/7836602\/07836619.pdf?arnumber=7836619","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T05:51:39Z","timestamp":1643262699000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7836619\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"references-count":94,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/cyconus.2016.7836619","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]}}}