{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T06:47:19Z","timestamp":1773902839200,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"IEEE","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/devlrn.2015.7346167","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,8]],"date-time":"2015-12-08T22:20:27Z","timestamp":1449613227000},"page":"332-339","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["What are goals? And if so, how many?"],"prefix":"10.1109","author":[{"given":"Matthias","family":"Rolf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minoru","family":"Asada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091349"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/027249800390718"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b10776-17"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108142"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.56.091103.070229"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(98)00033-1"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-011-0404-1"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"133","article-title":"Chapter 6: Motion control","author":"chung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Handbook of Robotics"},{"key":"ref35","author":"dennett","year":"1989","journal-title":"The Intentional Stance"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"415","article-title":"Opportunity versus goals in robots, animals and people","author":"mcfarland","year":"1995","journal-title":"Comparative Approaches to Cognitive Science"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DevLrn.2013.6652526"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2006.03.006"},{"key":"ref61","article-title":"Reinforcement learning: A survey","author":"kaelbling","year":"1996","journal-title":"arXiv preprint cs\/9605103"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5306.1593","article-title":"A neural substrate of prediction and reward","volume":"275","author":"schultz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"809","article-title":"Reinforcement learning in motor control","author":"barto","year":"1994","journal-title":"Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IRDS.2002.1041624"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-2025-2_2","article-title":"Complexity issues in global optimization: A survey","volume":"2","author":"vavasis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Handbook of Global Optimization"},{"key":"ref2","volume":"54","author":"ross","year":"2011","journal-title":"The psychology of learning and motivation Advances in research and theory"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03199951"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"85","article-title":"Basic goal distinctions","author":"fujita","year":"2012","journal-title":"Goal-Directed Behavior"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02565-5_4"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"1","article-title":"The representation and regulation of goals","author":"moskowitz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Goal-Directed Behavior"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03015"},{"key":"ref23","author":"sutton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Reinforcement Learning An Introduction"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Where do goals come from? A generic approach to autonomous goal-system development","author":"rolf","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Linking agent concepts and methodology with can","author":"winikoff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc First Int Joint Conf Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (AAMAS)"},{"key":"ref50","author":"honderich","year":"1988","journal-title":"A theory of determinism The mind neuroscience and life-hopes"},{"key":"ref51","article-title":"Dualism vs. materialism: A response to paul churchland","author":"robertson","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.robot.2012.05.008"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0028689"},{"key":"ref57","first-page":"1","article-title":"Where do action goals come from? evidence for spontaneous action-effect binding in infants","volume":"i","author":"verschoor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00019.2003"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.05.025"},{"key":"ref54","author":"van otterlo","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Logic of Adaptive Behavior Knowledge Representation and Algorithms for Adaptive Sequential Decision Making Under Uncertainty in First-Order and Relational Domains"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1102351.1102454"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"Q-cut—dynamic discovery of sub-goals in reinforcement learning","author":"menache","year":"2002","journal-title":"European Conf Machine Learning (ECML)"},{"key":"ref10","author":"piaget","year":"1953","journal-title":"The Origin of Intelligence in the Child"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.47.1.431"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog2701_4"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.18.3.450"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-3798(97)80040-2"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2006.890271"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAMD.2010.2062511"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DEVLRN.2014.6982980"},{"key":"ref17","author":"bratman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Intention Plans and Practical Reason"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"169","article-title":"Belief-desire-intention agent architectures","author":"haddadi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Foundations of Distributed Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10584-005"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(00)01661-2"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"13","article-title":"Goal setting theory","author":"locke","year":"1994","journal-title":"Motivation Theory and Research"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144230"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00098"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-32260-3_3"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Intentionality","author":"jacob","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2014 Edition)"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"663","article-title":"Algorithms for inverse reinforcement learning","author":"ng","year":"2000","journal-title":"ICML"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1126\/science.291.5504.599","article-title":"Autonomous mental development by robots and animals","volume":"291","author":"weng","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBOT.2010.5509336"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"Policy invariance under reward transformations: Theory and application to reward shaping","author":"ng","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc of the International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.09.034"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICHR.2010.5686841"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"The teleological imperative","author":"mcfarland","year":"1989","journal-title":"Goals No Goals and Own Goals"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(03)00128-1"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00196"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0030079"}],"event":{"name":"2015 Joint IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning and Epigenetic Robotics (ICDL-EpiRob)","location":"Providence, RI, USA","start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,13]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,16]]}},"container-title":["2015 Joint IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning and Epigenetic Robotics (ICDL-EpiRob)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/7332337\/7346087\/07346167.pdf?arnumber=7346167","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,24]],"date-time":"2017-06-24T01:10:51Z","timestamp":1498266651000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7346167\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"references-count":63,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/devlrn.2015.7346167","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}}}