{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T15:13:56Z","timestamp":1773933236863,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"IEEE","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618963200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618963200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/educon46332.2021.9453891","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T20:36:14Z","timestamp":1624048574000},"page":"1010-1018","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Review of Learning Design Choices of Primary School Programming Courses in Empirical Researches"],"prefix":"10.1109","author":[{"given":"Eleni","family":"Fatourou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nikolaos C.","family":"Zygouris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thanasis","family":"Loukopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Georgios I.","family":"Stamoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3311927.3323152"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.12273"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-4816-3_2"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-016-9482-0"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2018.10.005"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2818314.2818338"},{"key":"ref36","year":"0"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Computer Science without a computer","year":"2020","journal-title":"CS Unplugged"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"National curriculum in England: computing programmes of study","year":"24","journal-title":"Gov UK"},{"key":"ref60","volume":"1","author":"papert","year":"1980","journal-title":"Mindstorms Children Computers and Powerful Ideas"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"1","article-title":"New frameworks for studying and assessing the development of computational thinking","author":"brennan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu Meet Amer Educ Res Assoc"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2713609.2713610"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TALE.2018.8615358"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Coding in K-8: International Trends in Computing Education with Primary-aged Children","author":"rich","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"611","volume":"19","author":"fagerlund","year":"2020","journal-title":"Assessing 4th Grade Students’ Computational Thinking through Scratch Programming Projects"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcci.2018.10.004"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"525","article-title":"The Effects of Teaching Programming via Scratch on Problem Solving Skills: A Discussion from Learners’ Perspective","volume":"49","author":"kalelio?lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Classical Review"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2818314.2818328"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EDUCON.2017.7943005"},{"key":"ref24","author":"balanskat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Computing our future Computer programming and coding - Priorities school curricula and initiatives across Europe"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"41","article-title":"Using the IMS LD Standard to Describe Learning Designs","author":"koper","year":"2020","journal-title":"Handbook of Research on Learning Design and Learning Objects Issues Applications and Technologies IGI Global 2009"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"52","author":"falkner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Coding Across the Curriculum Resource Review"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Digital Education at School in Europe","author":"bourgeois","year":"2019","journal-title":"EACE"},{"key":"ref50","article-title":"Digital Education at School in Europe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eurydice Report"},{"key":"ref51","volume":"5","year":"1975","journal-title":"International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED)"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"7","article-title":"Computational thinking’s influence on research and education","volume":"25","author":"wing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Italian Journal of Educational Technology"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858796.2858799"},{"key":"ref57","article-title":"DigComp 2.1: The Digital Competence Framework for Citizens","author":"carretero","year":"2017","journal-title":"With eight proficiency levels and examples of use"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2019.100743"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326985ep2704_6"},{"key":"ref54","author":"johnson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(08)70300-9"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"The theory of stages in cognitive development","author":"piaget","year":"1971","journal-title":"Measurement and Piaget"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2978192.2978222"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"43","article-title":"Effect of design-based learning on improving computational thinking","volume":"36","author":"jun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav Inf Technol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2532748.2532750"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21585\/ijcses.v1i2.9"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-40271-6_22"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/ijgbl.2013010107"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"331","article-title":"Effects of annotations and homework on learning achievement: An empirical study of Scratch programming pedagogy","volume":"18","author":"su","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Educ Technol Soc"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Starting from Scratch: Introducing Primary School Learners to Programming","author":"sikwebu","year":"2020","journal-title":"2020 IST-Africa Conf IST-Africa 2020"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.07.017"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2676723.2677244"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-29736-7_21"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EDUCON.2018.8363411"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12155"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-018-9702-x"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"1","volume":"17","author":"fronza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Engineering Methods A Framework for Middle Schools"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2016.03.003"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5815\/ijmecs.2016.11.01"},{"key":"ref49","volume":"5","year":"1975","journal-title":"International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED)"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2018.1534245"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.09.012"},{"key":"ref45","year":"2003","journal-title":"IMS Learning Design Information Model Best Practice and Implementation Guide Binding document Schemas"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cae.22255"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2019.103607"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Guidelines for performing systematic literature reviews in software engineeringTechnical Report EBSE 2007-001","author":"kitchenham","year":"2007","journal-title":"Keele University and Durham University Joint Report"},{"key":"ref41","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scratch1 Getting started with Scratch"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41239-017-0074-x"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"What is Agile Software Development?","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Agile Alliance"}],"event":{"name":"2021 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON)","location":"Vienna, Austria","start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]]}},"container-title":["2021 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/9453798\/9453843\/09453891.pdf?arnumber=9453891","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T15:42:38Z","timestamp":1652197358000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9453891\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]},"references-count":61,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/educon46332.2021.9453891","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]}}}