{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T07:30:11Z","timestamp":1767857411072,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"IEEE","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748217600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748217600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/fg61629.2025.11099335","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T17:55:00Z","timestamp":1754502900000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Peepers & Pixels: Human Recognition Accuracy on Low Resolution Faces"],"prefix":"10.1109","author":[{"given":"Xavier","family":"Merino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Institute of Technology,Melbourne,FL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Pangelinan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Institute of Technology,Melbourne,FL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Langborgh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Institute of Technology,Melbourne,FL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Institute of Technology,Melbourne,FL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin W.","family":"Bowyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Notre Dame,Notre Dame,IN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2021.3135750"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"American Civil Liberties Union. Williams v. City of Detroit-Face Recognition False Arrest","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW54120.2021.00166"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Should AI in Police Work Be Regulated?","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2014.6996296"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2017.2652466"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACVW60836.2024.00051"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acp.2970"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13506280244000168"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"77","article-title":"Gender shades: Intersectional accuracy disparities in commercial gender classification","volume-title":"Conference on Fairness, Accountability and Transparency","author":"Buolamwini"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.42.1.286"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Pillow (PIL Fork) Documentation","author":"Clark","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00482"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjop.12260"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACVW58289.2023.00037"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.IR.8271"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6028\/nist.ir.8280"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Insightface","author":"Guo","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acp.4003"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Facial recognition led to wrongful arrests","author":"Hill","year":"2024","journal-title":"So Detroit is making changes"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"\u2019Racist and sexist\u2019 facial recognition cameras could lead to false arrests. The Telegraph","author":"Hoggins","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.115287"},{"key":"ref23","volume-title":"International Committee for Information Technology Standards. Overview of ANSI INCITS Biometric Standards on Data Interchange Formats","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FG59268.2024.10581916"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.774212"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"Expert Witness Report of Dr. Michael C. King Regarding Automated Face Recognition Technology","volume-title":"Case No. 21-cv-10827, U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan","author":"King","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTS.2020.2974996"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACVW54805.2022.00049"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2011.48"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2009.5459250"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03010066221122299"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/icd.1781"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"Arrested by AI: Police ignore standards after facial recognition matches","author":"MacMillan","year":"2025","journal-title":"The Washington Post"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Facial recognition technology in modern policing","year":"2021","journal-title":"Major Cities Chiefs Association"},{"key":"ref36","year":"2025","journal-title":"Facial Recognition-NEC Global"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12660"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Racist, Sexist AI Could Be A Bigger Problem Than Lost Jobs","author":"Olson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Forbes"},{"key":"ref39","article-title":"OSAC Technical Guidance Document: Framework for Implementing Passive Live Facial Recognition","volume-title":"Technical report","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2355598.2355599"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACVW65960.2025.00024"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTS.2024.3416344"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-bmt.2018.5008"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1721355115"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3375627.3375820"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FGR.2006.78"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797613492986"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"21","article-title":"Unfamiliar face matching systems in applied settings","author":"Towler"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/026151003321164663"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acp.2971"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139827"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2015.1292"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2008.10.011"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW59228.2023.00111"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2011.2162423"}],"event":{"name":"2025 IEEE 19th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG)","location":"Tampa\/Clearwater, FL, USA","start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]]}},"container-title":["2025 IEEE 19th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/11099084\/11099070\/11099335.pdf?arnumber=11099335","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T05:00:38Z","timestamp":1754542838000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11099335\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"references-count":54,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/fg61629.2025.11099335","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]}}}