{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T05:51:22Z","timestamp":1781761882077,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"IEEE","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/fg67764.2026.11557017","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T19:37:10Z","timestamp":1781725030000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Towards Pareto Efficiency in Fair Facial Expression and Action Unit Recognition"],"prefix":"10.1109","author":[{"given":"Tangzheng","family":"Lian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King’s College London,Department of Engineering,London,UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oya","family":"Celiktutan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King’s College London,Department of Engineering,London,UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Active sampling for min-max fairness","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 39th International Conference on Machine Learning, volume 162 of Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, pages 53-65. PMLR","author":"Abernethy"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025472"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-11009-3_34"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"528","article-title":"Learning debiased representations with biased representations","volume-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning","author":"Bahng"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3472749.3474803"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2003.10057"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"10","article-title":"Mutual information neural estimation","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Machine Learning, volume 80 of Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, pages 531-540. PMLR","author":"Belghazi"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-88908-3"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Optimized pre-processing for discrimination prevention","volume":"30","author":"Calmon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3616865"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.01471"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-25072-9_16"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAFFC.2022.3181033"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICME.2017.8019545"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/79.911197"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/cvpr52733.2024.01144"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-23618-1_1"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2024.3361979"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"You only train once: Loss-conditional training of deep networks","volume-title":"International conference on learning representations","author":"Dosovitskiy"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/t27734-000"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.600"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-84632-9"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00342"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2022.3187165"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173582"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01219-9_47"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"Fairmt: Fairness for heterogeneous multi-task learning","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.00469"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52842\/conf.acadia.2024.2.113"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-45511-7"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00759"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3274357"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00922"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3577190.3614141"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W17-1601"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.277"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01922"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"Supervised contrastive learning with identity-label embeddings for facial action unit recognition","author":"Lian","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMVC"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"A feature-level bias evaluation framework for facial expression recognition models","author":"Lian","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.20512"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAFFC.2026.3659153"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v40i28.39508"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"A closed-form solution for debiasing vision-language models with utility guarantees across modalities and tasks","author":"Lian","year":"2026","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.12998"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-19778-9_24"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3534678.3539302"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00986"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2022\/173"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"Biased attention: Do vision transformers amplify gender bias more than convolutional neural networks?","volume-title":"British Machine Vision Conference (BMVC)","author":"Mandal"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3549865.3549904"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"6755","article-title":"Minimax pareto fairness: A multi objective perspective","volume-title":"International conference on machine learning","author":"Martinez"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00446"},{"key":"ref50","article-title":"Nonlinear multiobjective optimization","volume":"12","author":"Miettinen","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAFFC.2017.2740923"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"Multi-label co-regularization for semi-supervised facial action unit recognition","author":"Niu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3531146.3533159"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app12167992"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01014"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"5171","article-title":"On variational bounds of mutual information","volume-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning","author":"Poole"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00842"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00269"},{"key":"ref59","article-title":"On characterizing the trade-off in invariant representation learning","author":"Sadeghi","year":"2022","journal-title":"In Transactions on Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00806"},{"key":"ref61","article-title":"Distributionally robust neural networks for group shifts: On the importance of regularization for worst-case generalization","volume-title":"The International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)","author":"Sagawa"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.74"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-022-02246-8"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01261-8_43"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v36i11.21500"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACII55700.2022.9953865"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/009053607000000505"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12525-020-00441-4"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00934"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00541"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-65414-6_35"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00064"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-69544-6_5"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00442"},{"key":"ref75","article-title":"Multiple criteria decision making Kyoto 1975","volume":"123","author":"Zeleny","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.02297"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2019.2960358"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52202\/075280-0634"},{"key":"ref79","first-page":"17616","article-title":"Relative uncertainty learning for facial expression recognition","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-19809-0_24"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-72630-9_14"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.01037"},{"key":"ref83","first-page":"9485","article-title":"Trade-offs and guarantees of adversarial representation learning for information obfuscation","volume":"33","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-19809-0_19"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3589334.3645532"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01016"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-70928-2_64"}],"event":{"name":"2026 IEEE 20th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG)","location":"Kyoto, Japan","start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]}},"container-title":["2026 IEEE 20th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/11556508\/11556510\/11557017.pdf?arnumber=11557017","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T04:55:16Z","timestamp":1781758516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11557017\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"references-count":87,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/fg67764.2026.11557017","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]}}}