{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T07:10:09Z","timestamp":1771571409809,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"IEEE","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764028800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764028800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/fllm67465.2025.11391103","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T20:55:46Z","timestamp":1771534546000},"page":"693-698","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Agent-guided Causal Discovery with a Small Language Model"],"prefix":"10.1109","author":[{"given":"Brandon","family":"Mossop","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen’s University,School of Computing,Kingston,Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salimur","family":"Choudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen’s University,School of Computing,Kingston,Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"1877","article-title":"Language models are few-shot learners","volume":"33","author":"Brown","year":"2020","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Gpt-4 technical report","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Small language models are on the rise: Enabling efficient deployment and specialized reasoning","author":"Ahn","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Do small language models inherit the capabilities of large ones?","author":"Xu","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Small language models (slms) can still pack a punch: A survey","author":"Subramanian","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Voyager: An open-ended embodied agent with large language models","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)","author":"Wang"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Reflexion: Language agents with verbal reinforcement learning","volume-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) Workshops","author":"Shinn"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/1754.001.0001"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"507","article-title":"Optimal structure identification with greedy search","volume":"3","author":"Chickering","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"419","article-title":"Constraint-based causal discovery with prior knowledge","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 21st ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining","author":"Triantafillou"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref11","first-page":"315","article-title":"Incorporating prior knowledge in causal discovery: A review","volume":"12","author":"Constantinou","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Data Science and Analytics"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Expert-in-the-loop causal discovery in pgmpy","author":"Ankan","year":"2024"},{"issue":"265","key":"ref13","first-page":"1","article-title":"pgmpy: A python toolkit for bayesian networks","volume":"25","author":"Ankan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Large language models are fewshot causal reasoners","author":"Hyun","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Causalbench: A benchmark for evaluating language models on causal discovery tasks","author":"Yang","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Language models and causal reasoning: Opportunities and challenges","author":"Kiciman","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40535-016-0018-x"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/1754.001.0001"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/09-SS057"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Qwen3 technical report","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b10391"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1988.tb01721.x"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Bayesian network repository","author":"Scutari","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/SERIES1345"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Llm.int8(): 8-bit matrix multiplication for transformers at scale","author":"Dettmers","year":"2022"}],"event":{"name":"2025 3rd International Conference on Foundation and Large Language Models (FLLM)","location":"Vienna, Austria","start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]}},"container-title":["2025 3rd International Conference on Foundation and Large Language Models (FLLM)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/11390736\/11390873\/11391103.pdf?arnumber=11391103","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T06:42:33Z","timestamp":1771569753000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11391103\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"references-count":25,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/fllm67465.2025.11391103","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]}}}