{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T23:14:06Z","timestamp":1780355646674,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"IEEE","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769817600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769817600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000185","name":"DARPA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000185","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/hpca68181.2026.11408458","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T20:47:22Z","timestamp":1772657242000},"page":"1-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["REASON: Accelerating Probabilistic Logical Reasoning for Scalable Neuro-Symbolic Intelligence"],"prefix":"10.1109","author":[{"given":"Zishen","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology,Atlanta,GA,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Che-Kai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology,Atlanta,GA,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology,Atlanta,GA,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanchen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology,Atlanta,GA,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arijit","family":"Raychowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology,Atlanta,GA,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tushar","family":"Krishna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology,Atlanta,GA,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3711680"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01456"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Large language models as general pattern machines","author":"Mirchandani","year":"2023","journal-title":"CoRL"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CODES-ISSS60120.2024.00012"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.acl-long.250"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52202\/079017-1077"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Rest meets react: Self-improvement for multi-step reasoning 11 m agent","author":"Aksitov","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv preprint"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Rethinking interpretability in the era of large language models","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv preprint"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52202\/075280-1222"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52202\/068431-2171"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Towards cognitive ai systems: a survey and prospective on neuro-symbolic ai","author":"Wan","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv preprint"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Cross-layer design of vector-symbolic computing: Bridging cognition and brain-inspired hardware acceleration","author":"Du","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv preprint"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Efficient processing of neuro-symbolic ai: A tutorial and cross-layer co-design case study","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Neuro-symbolic Systems","author":"Wan","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"1","article-title":"Proving olympiad inequalities by synergizing 11 ms and symbolic reasoning","volume-title":"International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)","author":"Li","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06747-5"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06924-6"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00961"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-023-00630-8"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"The neuro-symbolic concept learner: Interpreting scenes, words, and sentences from natural supervision","volume-title":"International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)","author":"Mao","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Falcon: fast visual concept learning by integrating images, linguistic descriptions, and conceptual relations","volume-title":"International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)","author":"Mei","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3676641.3716016"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"R2-guard: Robust reasoning enabled lm guardrail via knowledge-enhanced logical reasoning","volume-title":"International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)","author":"Kang","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52202\/079017-3670"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3760250.3762235"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3233\/FAIA200987","article-title":"Conflict-driven clause learning sat solvers","volume-title":"Handbook of satisfiability","author":"Marques-Silva","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706628.3708869"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-34188-5_8"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-31612-8_42"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"4093240945","article-title":"Tractable control for autoregressive language generation","volume-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)","author":"Zhang","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"Neural probabilistic circuits: Enabling compositional and interpretable predictions through logical reasoning","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv preprint"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.emnlp-main.313"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v33i01.33014277"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"On tractable computation of expected predictions","volume":"32","author":"Khosravi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"30630","article-title":"Scaling tractable probabilistic circuits: A systems perspective","volume-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)","author":"Liu","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11831-020-09422-4"},{"key":"ref36","volume-title":"NVIDIA Jetson Orin"},{"key":"ref37","volume-title":"NVIDIA Nsight Systems"},{"key":"ref38","volume-title":"NVIDIA Nsight Compute"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3296957.3173176"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3582016.3582069"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/378239.379017"},{"key":"ref42","volume-title":"Jetson orin for next-gen robotics - nvidia","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref43","volume-title":"Nvidia rtx a6000 graphics card","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref44","volume-title":"4th gen intel xeon scalable processors","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCA52012.2021.00010"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/micro56248.2022.00090"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS51556.2021.9401196"},{"key":"ref48","article-title":"Minif2f: a cross-system benchmark for formal olympiad-level mathematics","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv preprint"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"Xstest: A test suite for identifying exaggerated safety behaviours in large language models","author":"R\u00f6ttger","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv preprint"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.findings-emnlp.165"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.emnlp-main.698"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3502030"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"Zero-shotlearninga comprehensive evaluation of the good, the bad and theugly","author":"Xian","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv preprint"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.emnlp-main.1229"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.findings-acl.317"},{"key":"ref56","volume-title":"Design compiler - synopsys"},{"key":"ref57","volume-title":"Innovus implementation system - cadence"},{"key":"ref58","volume-title":"Primetime - synopsys"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCA45697.2020.00047"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISPASS64960.2025.00026"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3600006.3613165"},{"key":"ref62","volume-title":"vLLM Performance and Tuning"},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"19274","article-title":"Fast inference from transformers via speculative decoding","volume-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)","author":"Leviathan","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52202\/079017-2193"},{"key":"ref65","volume-title":"vLLM Quantized KV Cache"},{"key":"ref66","volume-title":"vLLM Automatic Prefix Caching"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-4095-0_15","volume-title":"Alphazero. Deep Reinforcement Learning: Fundamentals, Research and Applications","author":"Zhang","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2021.103649"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.1.11661"},{"key":"ref70","article-title":"Neural logic machines","volume-title":"International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)","author":"Dong","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2023\/461"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2021.103504"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2020\/243"},{"key":"ref74","article-title":"Neuro-symbolic concepts","author":"Mao","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv preprint"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00257"},{"key":"ref76","article-title":"Deepproblog: Neural probabilistic logic programming","volume-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems (NeurIPS)","volume":"31","author":"Manhaeve","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2022.0050"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3591280"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISPASS61541.2024.00033"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52202\/068431-2057"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3760250.3762232"},{"key":"ref82","article-title":"Dolphin: A programmable framework for scalable neurosymbolic learning","author":"Naik","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv preprint"},{"key":"ref83","article-title":"Klay: Accelerating arithmetic circuits for neurosymbolic ai","author":"Maene","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv preprint"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HPCA61900.2025.00064"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCASAI.2024.3462692"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DAC63849.2025.11133088"}],"event":{"name":"2026 IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA)","location":"Sydney, Australia","start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]}},"container-title":["2026 IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/11408404\/11408433\/11408458.pdf?arnumber=11408458","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T06:48:49Z","timestamp":1772693329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11408458\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"references-count":86,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/hpca68181.2026.11408458","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]}}}