{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T18:41:54Z","timestamp":1772822514600,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"IEEE","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677024000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677024000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/icai58407.2023.10136623","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T13:28:21Z","timestamp":1685626101000},"page":"109-115","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Real-time object detection and 3D scene perception in self-driving cars"],"prefix":"10.1109","author":[{"given":"Abdul","family":"Basit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CEME, NUST,Department of Electrical Engineering,Rawalpindi,Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Usama","family":"Ejaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEME, NUST,Department of Electrical Engineering,Rawalpindi,Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Qirat","family":"Ayaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEME, NUST,Department of Mechatronics Engineering,Rawalpindi,Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Fahad Mumtaz","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEME, NUST,Department of Electrical Engineering,Rawalpindi,Pakistan"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2021.07.005"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2016.303628"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1555343417695197"},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"J3016_202104: Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related to Driving Automation Systems for On-Road Motor Vehicles-SAE International","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"163","article-title":"The DARPA Urban Challenge","volume":"56","author":"Buehler","year":"2009","journal-title":"A Perception-Driven Autonomous Urban Vehicle"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-03991-1_1"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-03991-1_5"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-023-01869-9"},{"key":"ref9","volume-title":"Researchers back Teslas non-LiDAR approach to self-driving cars.","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref10","volume-title":"An Introduction to Convolutional Neural Networks","author":"OShea","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA48506.2021.9561423"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iiswc53511.2021.00030"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/cvpr52729.2023.00721"},{"key":"ref14","volume-title":"YOLOv4: Optimal Speed and Accuracy of Object Detection","author":"Bochkovskiy","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref15","volume-title":"ROS: an open-source Robot Operating System","author":"Quigley","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.treng.2022.100115"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364913491297"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v36i3.20194"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app11125598"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Deep Learning Based 3D Object Detection for Automotive Radar and Camera | IEEE Conference Publication | IEEE Xplore","volume-title":"2019 16th European Radar Conference (EuRAD)","author":"Michael","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.609"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00938"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-2260-9_14"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iccsit.2009.5235014"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icra.2011.5980164"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/cvpr.2016.232"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2012.02.016"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"2017","article-title":"Spatial Transformer Networks","volume":"2015-January","author":"Jaderberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2018.01.005"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arxiv.1506.02640"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.690"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203978948-13"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-022-12163-0"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/cvpr.2016.521"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/cvpr.2017.643"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-021-06830-w"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2994551.2994564"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics8060661"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iccmc48092.2020.iccmc-00088"},{"key":"ref40","volume-title":"MobileNets: Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks for Mobile Vision Applications","author":"Howard","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00716"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dt.2021.04.014"},{"key":"ref43","volume-title":"An Introduction to Neural Architecture Search for Convolutional Networks","author":"Kyriakides","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"8699","article-title":"Searching for Efficient Multi-Scale Architectures for Dense Image Prediction","volume":"2018-December","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW.2019.00251"},{"key":"ref46","volume-title":"ethz-asl\/kalibr: The Kalibr visual-inertial calibration toolbox.","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref47","volume-title":"ituracingdriverless\/TTVS: T\u00fcrkiye Trafik Isaretleri Veriseti-Turkish Traffic Sign Dataset.","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref48","volume-title":"Roboflow Annotate.","year":"2022"}],"event":{"name":"2023 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ICAI)","location":"Islamabad, Pakistan","start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]}},"container-title":["2023 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ICAI)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/10136637\/10136621\/10136623.pdf?arnumber=10136623","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T08:16:41Z","timestamp":1710404201000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10136623\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]]},"references-count":48,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/icai58407.2023.10136623","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]]}}}