{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T18:54:15Z","timestamp":1772909655152,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"IEEE","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/icassp.2018.8462285","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]],"date-time":"2018-09-21T22:24:48Z","timestamp":1537568688000},"page":"91-95","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Large-Scale Study of Language Models for Chord Prediction"],"prefix":"10.1109","author":[{"given":"Filip","family":"Korzeniowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David R. W.","family":"Sears","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Widmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref10","article-title":"On the Futility of Learning Complex Frame-Level Language Models for Chord Recognition","author":"korzeniowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proceedings of the AES International Conference on Semantic Audio"},{"key":"ref11","author":"harte","year":"2010","journal-title":"Towards automatic extraction of harmony information from music signals"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Automatic Chord estimation on seventhsbass Chord vocabulary using deep neural network","author":"deng","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"An Expert Ground Truth Set for Audio Chord Recognition and Music Analysis","author":"burgoyne","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 12th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR)"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"OMRAS2 metadata project 2009","author":"mauch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Late Breaking Demo of the 10th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR)"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Automatic chord recognition based on the probabilistic modeling of diatonic modal harmony","author":"di giorgi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Multidimensional Systems"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S026114301000067X"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"RWC Music Database: Popular, Classical and Jazz Music Databases","author":"goto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR)"},{"key":"ref18","author":"ellis","year":"2003","journal-title":"The “uspop2002” Pop Music data set"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Weimar Jazz Database (WJazzD)","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Jazzomat Research Project"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"HMM-based approach for automatic chord detection using refined acoustic features","author":"ueda","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Feature Learning for Chord Recognition: The Deep Chroma Extractor","author":"korzeniowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 17th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR)"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Approximate note transcription for the improved identification of difficult chords","author":"mauch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 11 th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR)"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Audio chord recognition with recurrent neural networks","author":"boulanger-lewandowski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 14th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR)"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Chord recognition using duration-explicit hidden Markov models","author":"chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 13th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR)"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09298215.2014.917684"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Rethinking Automatic Chord Recognition with Convolutional Neural Networks","author":"humphrey","year":"2012","journal-title":"11th International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA)"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASLP.2013.2295926"},{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Four Timely Insights on Automatic Chord Estimation","author":"humphrey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 16th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR)"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Recurrent neural network based language model","author":"mikolov","year":"2010","journal-title":"InterSpeech"},{"key":"ref22","author":"mikolov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Space"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"How to Construct Deep Recurrent Neural Networks","author":"pascanu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/W14-4012"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1997.9.8.1735"},{"key":"ref26","author":"li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hyperband A Novel Bandit-Based Approach to Hyperparameter Optimization"},{"key":"ref25","author":"kingma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adam A method for stochastic optimization"}],"event":{"name":"ICASSP 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","location":"Calgary, AB","start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,15]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,20]]}},"container-title":["2018 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/8450881\/8461260\/08462285.pdf?arnumber=8462285","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]],"date-time":"2020-08-24T05:02:04Z","timestamp":1598245324000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8462285\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"references-count":26,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/icassp.2018.8462285","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]}}}