{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T19:23:25Z","timestamp":1784229805302,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":176,"publisher":"IEEE","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/icbc67748.2026.11575472","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T19:34:25Z","timestamp":1782934465000},"page":"1-20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["SoK of RWA Tokenization: A Systematization of Concepts, Architectures, and Legal Interoperability"],"prefix":"10.1109","author":[{"given":"Junliang","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University,School of Computer Science,Montr&#x00E9;al,Qu\u00e9bec,Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xihan","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London,Department of Computing,London,United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zonglun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University,School of Computer Science,Montr&#x00E9;al,Qu\u00e9bec,Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University,School of Computer Science,Montr&#x00E9;al,Qu\u00e9bec,Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University,School of Computer Science,Montr&#x00E9;al,Qu\u00e9bec,Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J","family":"Knottenbelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London,Department of Computing,London,United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Tinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University,Desautels Faculty of Management,Montr&#x00E9;al,Qu\u00e9bec,Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else","author":"De Soto","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Relevance of on-chain asset tokenization in \u2018crypto winter\u2019","volume-title":"Boston Consulting Group, Tech. Rep.","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Asset tokenization in financial markets: The next generation of value exchange","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"The rapid growth of fintech: Vulnerabilities and challenges for financial stability (including decentralized finance risks)","volume-title":"Global Financial Stability Report","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0335.1937.tb00002.x"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511808678"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359552"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"The tokenisation of assets and potential implications for financial markets","volume-title":"OECD Blockchain Policy Series, Tech. Rep.","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Annual economic report 2023. chapter iii: Blueprint for the future monetary system: The unified ledger","volume-title":"Bank for International Settlements, Basel, Tech. Rep.","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3711777"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Eip-1400: Security token standard","author":"Adam Dossa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ethereum Improvement Proposals, Issue #1411"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"3643","article-title":"Erc-3643: T-rex (token for regulated exchanges) standard","author":"Lebrun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ethereum Improvement Proposals"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"The future of payments is not stablecoins","author":"Rod Garratt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Federal Reserve Bank of New York"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rfs\/hhaa089"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Money, tokens, and games: Blockchain\u2019s next billion users and trillions in value","volume-title":"Citigroup Global Perspectives & Solutions, Tech. Rep.","author":"GPS","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"The endgame plan","author":"Christensen","year":"2022","journal-title":"MakerDAO Governance Forum"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Centrifuge protocol whitepaper","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asset Financing Protocol"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"The goldfinch whitepaper v1.1","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Larry fink\u2019s 2024 annual chairman\u2019s letter to investors","volume-title":"BlackRock, Tech. Rep.","author":"Fink","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Tokenization: A digital-asset d\u00e9j\u00e0 vu","volume-title":"McKinsey & Company, Tech. Rep.","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"487","article-title":"Trust, but verify: Why the blockchain needs the law","volume":"33","author":"Werbach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Berkeley Technology Law Journal"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/info11110509"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace","author":"Lessig","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Decentralized society: Finding web3\u2019s soul","author":"Ohlhaver","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Project guardian: Enabling open and interoperable networks","volume-title":"Monetary Authority of Singapore, Industry Report","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5089\/9781484322383.006"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WEC.2004.1319505"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"The tokenisation continuum","author":"Aldasoro","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2770340"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2023.4882"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Final report on guidelines on the dlt pilot regime","author":"Securities","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3888752"},{"issue":"230","key":"ref33","article-title":"In search of stability in cryptoassets: Are stablecoins the solution?","author":"Bullmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"ECB Occasional Paper"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/978-1-80455-320-620221005"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Liquidity mechanisms in real-world assets: The empirical case of real estate tokenization","author":"Laschinger","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/shsconf\/202521801032"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref37","first-page":"430","article-title":"Real world asset (rwa) supply chain for smart factory","volume":"13","author":"Kong","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/ecfr-2018-0021"},{"key":"ref39","article-title":"The Handbook of Fixed Income Securities","author":"Fabozzi","journal-title":"2021, the definitive reference for ABS and fixed income structures"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","volume-title":"Investing in REITs: Real Estate Investment Trusts","author":"Block","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119202325"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226092980.003.0013"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/eca.2022.0014"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"The architecture of decentralised finance platforms: A new open finance paradigm","author":"Avgouleas","year":"2019","journal-title":"SSRN Electronic Journal"},{"key":"ref44","article-title":"ERC3643: The Token Standard for RWA Tokenization","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"Policy recommendations for decentralized finance (defi)","volume-title":"International Organization of Securities Commissions","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbvi.2019.e00151"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Finternet: The financial system for the future","author":"Carstens","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bank for International Settlements"},{"key":"ref48","article-title":"RealT: Tokenized Real Estate Investing","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"Lofty: Tokenized Real Estate on Algorand","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref50","article-title":"Pax Gold (PAXG)","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref51","article-title":"Tether Gold (XAUt)","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref52","volume-title":"Maecenas (ART)","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"BENJI: Franklin OnChain U.S. Government Money Fund (FOBXX)","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"BlackRock Launches Its First Tokenized Fund, BUIDL, on the Ethereum Network","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref55","article-title":"Societe Generale issues a first digital green bond on a public blockchain","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref56","article-title":"Centrifuge: Real-World Asset Financing","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref57","article-title":"Goldfinch Protocol","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref58","article-title":"Securitize: Digital Securities Platform","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref59","article-title":"Toucan Protocol: Carbon Tokenization Infrastructure","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.57017\/jaes.v20.2(88).09"},{"key":"ref61","article-title":"An investment perspective on tokenization","volume-title":"CFA Institute Research & Policy Center","author":"Soni","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref62","article-title":"Private law frameworks for tokenized assets: Implications from legal developments in switzerland, germany, france, and the united states","volume-title":"Bank of Japan, Tech. Rep.","author":"Okuyama","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref63","article-title":"Infrastructure tokenization: Does blockchain have a role in the financing of infrastructure?","volume-title":"The World Bank, PPIAF, and IISD","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref64","article-title":"Rwa.xyz: Analytics on tokenized real-world assets","year":"2026"},{"key":"ref65","article-title":"Blackrock launches its first tokenized fund, buidl, on the ethereum network","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref66","article-title":"Usdy (us dollar yield token)","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref67","article-title":"Transaction profiling and address role inference in tokenized us treasuries","author":"Luo","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.14808"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref68","first-page":"261","article-title":"The cost of capital, corporation finance and the theory of investment","volume":"48","author":"Modigliani","year":"1958","journal-title":"The American economic review"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.99580"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-405X(86)90065-6"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0262.00208"},{"key":"ref72","article-title":"Investment valuation: Tools and techniques for determining the value of any asset","author":"Damodaran","year":"2012","journal-title":"John Wiley & Sons"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rfs\/1.3.195"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2328594"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30525\/2592-8813-2025-spec-4"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3689931.3694913"},{"key":"ref77","article-title":"The financial stability risks of decentralized finance","volume-title":"Financial Stability Board, Basel, Tech. Rep.","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref78","article-title":"Prudential treatment of cryptoasset exposures","volume-title":"Bank for International Settlements, Basel, Tech. Rep.","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref79","article-title":"Regulation (eu) 2023\/1114 on markets in crypto-assets (mica)","volume-title":"Official Journal of the European Union, Tech. Rep.","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref80","article-title":"Institutional defi: The next generation of financial markets","volume-title":"Oliver Wyman Forum, Tech. Rep.","author":"Wyman","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref81","article-title":"Coin systems onyx, rebranded kinexys","author":"Morgan","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4416784"},{"key":"ref83","article-title":"Global private equity report 2023: Why private equity is targeting individual investors","volume-title":"Bain & Company, Boston, Tech. Rep.","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref84","article-title":"Broadening access to private markets","year":"2023","journal-title":"World Economic Forum"},{"key":"ref85","article-title":"The 2023 geography of cryptocurrency report","volume-title":"Chainalysis Research, Tech. Rep.","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref86","first-page":"133","article-title":"The alchemy of asset securitization","volume":"1","author":"Schwarcz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Stan. JL Bus. & Fin."},{"issue":"3","key":"ref87","first-page":"591","article-title":"Coin-operated capitalism","volume":"119","author":"Cohney","year":"2019","journal-title":"Columbia Law Review"},{"key":"ref88","article-title":"Custody of funds or securities of clients by investment advisers","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref89","article-title":"Safeguarding advisory client assets (proposed rule 223-1)","year":"2023","journal-title":"SEC, Federal Register"},{"key":"ref90","article-title":"Erc-20: Token standard","author":"Vogelsteller","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref91","article-title":"Erc-721: Nonfungible token standard","author":"Entriken","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP) 721"},{"key":"ref92","article-title":"Erc-4626: Tokenized vault standard","author":"Santoro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ethereum Improvement Proposals, EIP-4626"},{"key":"ref93","article-title":"Erc-7540: Asynchronous tokenized vaults","author":"Offerijns","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ethereum Improvement Proposals, EIP-7540"},{"key":"ref94","article-title":"Erc-3525: Semi-fungible token","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ethereum Improvement Proposals, EIP-3525"},{"key":"ref95","article-title":"Erc-7092: Financial bonds standard","author":"Edoumou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ethereum Improvement Proposals, EIP-7092"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2992698"},{"key":"ref97","article-title":"Chainlink 2.0: Next steps in the evolution of decentralized oracle networks","volume-title":"Tech. Rep.","author":"Breidenbach","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref98","article-title":"Pyth network whitepaper 2.0","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pyth Network, Whitepaper"},{"key":"ref99","article-title":"Api3: Decentralized apis for web 3.0","author":"Benligiray","year":"2020","journal-title":"API3 Foundation, Whitepaper"},{"key":"ref100","article-title":"RedStone: The Modular Oracle, RedStone Finance","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref101","article-title":"Uma: The optimistic oracle and dispute arbitration","author":"Lambur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Risk Labs, Whitepaper"},{"issue":"142","key":"ref102","article-title":"Eliminating the prohibition against general solicitation and general advertising in rule 506 and rule 144a offerings","volume":"78","year":"2013","journal-title":"Federal Register"},{"key":"ref103","article-title":"Verifiable credentials data model 1.0","author":"Sporny","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), Recommendation"},{"key":"ref104","article-title":"Verifiable credentials data model 2.0","year":"2025","journal-title":"World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), Recommendation"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2014.23253"},{"key":"ref106","article-title":"Updated guidance for a risk-based approach to virtual assets and virtual asset service providers","volume-title":"FATF, Paris, Tech. Rep.","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref107","article-title":"Uniswap v3 core","author":"Adams","year":"2021","journal-title":"Uniswap Labs, Whitepaper"},{"key":"ref108","article-title":"Aave protocol v3 technical paper","volume-title":"Aave, Tech. Rep.","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref109","first-page":"2025","article-title":"Centrifuge tinlake: Adding real-world assets to mcd","volume":"24","author":"Schmitt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medium. Retrieved March"},{"key":"ref110","article-title":"The maker protocol white paper: Makerdao\u2019s multicollateral dai (mcd) system","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref111","article-title":"Mip.21: Real world assets - off-chain asset backed lender","year":"2021","journal-title":"Maker Improvement Proposals"},{"key":"ref112","article-title":"Mip.6: Collateral onboarding application process","year":"2021","journal-title":"Maker Improvement Proposals"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24149\/gwp371"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jfr\/fjaa010"},{"key":"ref115","article-title":"The oracle problem and the future of defi","volume":"76","author":"Duley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bank for International Settlements, BIS Bulletin"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3479722.3480994"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP40000.2020.00040"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/sp46215.2023.10179435"},{"key":"ref119","first-page":"1112","article-title":"Understanding the security of upgradable smart contracts in ethereum","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2022 ACM on Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security","author":"Min"},{"key":"ref120","article-title":"Contract upgrade anti-patterns","volume-title":"Trail of Bits Security Research, Tech. Rep.","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2019.23413"},{"key":"ref122","first-page":"155","article-title":"A study on access control vulnerabilities in ethereum smart contracts","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 35th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing","author":"Ferreira"},{"key":"ref123","first-page":"1325","article-title":"Smart contract vulnerabilities: Vulnerable does not imply exploited","volume-title":"30th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 21)","author":"Perez"},{"key":"ref124","article-title":"The frontrunner jones and the raiders of the dark forest: An empirical study of frontrunning on the ethereum blockchain","volume-title":"USENIX Security Symposium","author":"Torres"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-47854-7_33"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-53357-4_8"},{"key":"ref127","article-title":"Ethereum full node vs. archive node","year":"2025","journal-title":"QuickNode Guides"},{"key":"ref128","article-title":"Erigon ethereum client, data directory sizes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Erigon GitHub Repository"},{"key":"ref129","article-title":"Infura, web3 development platform and ethereum rpc provider","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref130","article-title":"Top blockchain rpc node providers - alchemy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alchemy Guides"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3200051"},{"key":"ref132","article-title":"Sok: Validating bridges as a scaling solution for blockchains","author":"McCorry","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref133","article-title":"Onyx: The world\u2019s first bank-led blockchain platform","author":"Morgan","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref134","article-title":"Aave protocol: Credit delegation and flash loans (whitepaper v2.0)","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aave, Whitepaper"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su14020913"},{"key":"ref136","article-title":"Vulnerabilities in cross-chain bridge protocols emerge as top security risk","volume-title":"Chainalysis, Tech. Rep.","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3471140"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3212734.3212736"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-64331-0_1"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3316481"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2016.55"},{"key":"ref142","article-title":"Regulation (eu) 2016\/679 (general data protection regulation), article 17: Right to erasure","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21552\/edpl\/2018\/1\/6"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-51280-4_23"},{"key":"ref145","article-title":"Ultramixer: A compliant zero-knowledge privacy layer for tokenized real-world assets","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cryptology ePrint Archive"},{"key":"ref146","article-title":"Decentralized identifiers (dids) v1.0","author":"Sporny","year":"2022","journal-title":"World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), W3C Recommendation"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2019.23272"},{"key":"ref148","article-title":"The liechtenstein blockchain-act","volume-title":"Government of Liechtenstein, Technical Report \/ Presentation","author":"D\u00fcnser","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/838275"},{"key":"ref150","article-title":"Legal statement on cryptoassets and smart contracts","volume-title":"The LawTech Delivery Panel, Tech. Rep.","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JPPEL-12-2019-0061"},{"key":"ref152","article-title":"Uniform Commercial Code Amendments","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref153","article-title":"Uniform commercial code, article 12: Controllable electronic records","year":"2022","journal-title":"2022 Amendments to the UCC establishing control, transfer, and perfection rules for controllable electronic records"},{"key":"ref154","first-page":"157","article-title":"Article 12 and the negotiability of cryptocurrencies","volume":"46","author":"Marcantel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Campbell L. Rev."},{"key":"ref155","article-title":"Regulation (eu) 2023\/1114 of the european parliament and of the council on markets in crypto-assets (mica)","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3018214"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-68974-1_4"},{"key":"ref158","article-title":"Rome: International Institute for the Unification of Private Law","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref159","article-title":"Erc-3643: The token standard for real-world asset tokenization","year":"2023","journal-title":"T-REX Protocol, Whitepaper"},{"key":"ref160","article-title":"OUSG: Tokenized U.S. Treasuries","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3492323.3495577"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCT.2019.8711021"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCC50000.2020.9219709"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-61638-0_5"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/978-1-80455-320-620221017"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09599916.2023.2167665"},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42524-020-0140-2"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-91405-8_15"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-91405-8_31"},{"key":"ref170","first-page":"2024","article-title":"Economic impact potential of real-world asset tokenization","volume-title":"UTS Business School, University of Technology Sydney, Report","author":"Baltais","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref171","article-title":"Integrating real-world assets into defi securitization: Challenges, solutions, and the evolution of risk governance","author":"Walmart","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref172","article-title":"Exploration on real world assets and tokenization","author":"Xia","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.01111"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2025.100380"},{"key":"ref174","article-title":"Artex: Anonymity real-world-assets token exchange","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.12821"},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/fas.2025.10026"},{"key":"ref176","volume-title":"Bank for International Settlements, Blueprint for the Future Monetary System: Improving the Old, Enabling the New","year":"2023"}],"event":{"name":"2026 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC)","location":"Brisbane, Australia","start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]}},"container-title":["2026 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/11575430\/11575431\/11575472.pdf?arnumber=11575472","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T05:30:44Z","timestamp":1782970244000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11575472\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"references-count":176,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/icbc67748.2026.11575472","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]}}}