{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:10:00Z","timestamp":1777389000374,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"IEEE","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/icct46805.2019.8947107","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T00:42:22Z","timestamp":1578012142000},"page":"1360-1369","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Research Progress of GNSS Spoofing and Spoofing Detection Technology"],"prefix":"10.1109","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Junzhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wanqing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fu","family":"Qixiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Beidian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S207510871602005X"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18124108"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.3390\/s18051305","article-title":"Spoofing Detection Using GNSS\/INS\/Odometer Coupling for Vehicular Navigation","volume":"18","author":"ali","year":"2018","journal-title":"SENSORS"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PLANS.2016.7479805"},{"key":"ref76","first-page":"2672","article-title":"Generative Adversarial Networks","author":"goodfellow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proceeding NIPS&#x2019;14 Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"ref77","first-page":"135","article-title":"Advances in generative adversarial network","volume":"39","author":"wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal on Communications"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1360\/N112016-00073"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/navi.14"},{"key":"ref75","first-page":"90","article-title":"Image Recognition with Conditional Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks","volume":"44","author":"tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACTA Automatica Sinica"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"20","article-title":"A proposed navigation message authentication implementation for civil GPS antispoofing","author":"wesson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 24th International technical meeting of the satellite division of the Institute of Navigation"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1004.2011.00322"},{"key":"ref79","first-page":"5769","article-title":"Improved training of Wasserstein GANs","author":"gulrajani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proceeding NIPS&#x2019;17 Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"253","article-title":"Technology of Anti-Jamming Based on Amplitude-Domain Process","volume":"4","author":"li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Modern Navigation"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"837","article-title":"The Research and Prospect of Spoofing and Anti-spoofing Technology in the Satellite Navigation System","volume":"50","author":"liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Communications Technology"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"2314","article-title":"Assessing the spoofing threat development of a portable GPS civilian spoofer","author":"humphreys","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"An evaluation of the vestigial signal defense for civil GPS anti-spoofing","author":"wesson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc ION GNSS"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33012\/2016.14672"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"1","article-title":"GNSS timing receiver toughen techniquein complicated jamming environments","volume":"37","author":"zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of National University of Defense Technology"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"19","article-title":"The Characteristics of Single Antenna Repeater Jamming Coordinates Mappings","volume":"40","author":"yao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gnss World of China"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"93","article-title":"Research of re-radiating spoofing technique to GNSS timing receiver","volume":"35","author":"huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of National University of Defense Technology"},{"key":"ref60","first-page":"1","article-title":"GNSS spoofing detection in covered spoofing attack using antenna array","author":"broumandan","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc International Technical Symposium on Navigation and Timing (ITSNT)"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PLANS.2016.7479805"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"91","article-title":"Detection of spoofing threats by inertial assisted three elements antenna","volume":"39","author":"fan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of National University of Defense Technology"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33012\/2017.15109"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"2619","article-title":"Civilian GPS Spoofing Detection based on Dual-Receiver Correlation of Military Signals","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 24th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS 2011)"},{"key":"ref64","first-page":"745","article-title":"GNSS Spoof Detection Using Shipboard IMU Measurements","author":"swaszek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 27th International Technical Meeting of Te Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2014)"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"3584","article-title":"Real-Time Spoofing Detection Using Correlation Between Two Civil GPS Receiver","author":"o\u2019hanlon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 25th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS 2012)"},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"336","article-title":"Inertial measurements aided GNSS spoofing detection technique [J]","volume":"21","author":"li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Chinese Inertial Technology"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12555-014-0347-2"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2013.6621814"},{"key":"ref67","first-page":"1","article-title":"On the use of Low-Cost IMUs for GNSS Spoofing Detection in Vehicular Applications","author":"james","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc International Technical Symposium on Navigation and Timing (ITSNT)"},{"key":"ref68","article-title":"Research on the Key Technology of Anti-spoofing in GNSS\/INS Integrated Navigation","author":"zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Master Degree Thesis Changsha"},{"key":"ref69","first-page":"23","article-title":"Detection on Navigation Deception Signals Based on INS and GNSS Attitude Measurement","author":"shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"The 9th China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC 2018)"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Spoofing countermeasure for GNSS receivers&#x2013;a review of current and future research trends","author":"jafarnia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 4th International Colloquium on Scientific and Fundamental Aspects of the Galileo Programme European Space Agency"},{"key":"ref1","first-page":"2776","article-title":"GNSS Spoofing Detection Using Two-Antenna Differential Carrier Phase","author":"psiaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 27th International Technical Meeting of The Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+2014)"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"32","article-title":"Carrier phase double difference GNSS spoofing detection technique based on multidirection measurements","volume":"38","author":"geng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of National University of Defense Technology"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2897166"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/navi.19"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"53","article-title":"GNSS spoofing detection by correlating carrier phase with rapid antenna motion","volume":"24","author":"psiaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"GPS World"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"2949","article-title":"GNSS Spoofing Detection Using High-Frequency Antenna Motion and Carrier Phase Data","author":"psiaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 26th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS 2013)"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"1543","article-title":"Anti-Spoofing and Authenticated Signal Architectures for Civil Navigation Systems","author":"scott","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 16th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation (ION GPS\/GNSS 2003)"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"316","article-title":"A multiple COTS receiver GNSS spoof detector-extensions","author":"swaszek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Institute of Navigation International Technical Meeting"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PLANS.2012.6236917"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"1344","article-title":"Anti-spoofing Techniques for GNSS Receiver","volume":"36","author":"huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan university"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1550147718774466"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"25","article-title":"Research on GPS anti&#x2013;spoofing interference method based on multi&#x2013;antenna [J]","volume":"37","author":"min","year":"2014","journal-title":"Modern Electronics Technique"},{"key":"ref57","first-page":"698","article-title":"An in-line anti-spoofing device for legacy civil GPS receivers","author":"ledvina","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Institute of Navigation&#x2013;International Technical Meeting (ITM &#x2019; 10)"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-rsn.2018.5151"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"13","article-title":"Countermeasures for GPS signal spoofing","author":"wen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2005 International Technical Meeting of the Institute of Navigation"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"49","article-title":"Research on Anti-spoofing Technology for Navigation Satellite Receiver","volume":"46","author":"li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radio Engineering"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GlobalSIP.2013.6736854"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"65","article-title":"Study of GNSS Anti-Spoofing Techniques","volume":"38","author":"geng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gnss World of China"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Analysis of GNSS Repeater Deception Jamming Signal Effect on the Receiver","author":"chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"The 9th China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC 2018)"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"3591","article-title":"Evaluation of smart grid and civilian UAV vulnerability to GPS spoofing attack","author":"shepard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 25th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"1","article-title":"Research on Structure-based Authentication Approaches for Civil GNSS Signal","author":"shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"The 9th China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC 2018)"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rob.21513"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/navi.183"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2013.6494400"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"2672","article-title":"Generative Adversarial Networks","author":"goodfellow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proceeding NIPS&#x2019;14 Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"35","article-title":"Research of Beidou navigation satellite system spoofing detection based on DOD and PTD","volume":"46","author":"zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Applied Science and Technology"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MILCOM.2012.6415722"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"698","article-title":"An In-Line Anti-Spoofing Device for Legacy Civil GPS Receivers","author":"ledvina","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2010 International Technical Meeting of the Institute of Navigation"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"3129","article-title":"A Proposed Navigation Message Authentication Implementation for Civil GPS Anti-Spoofing","author":"wesson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 24th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS 2011)"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"27","article-title":"Spoofing detection and mitigation with a moving handheld receiver","volume":"21","author":"nielsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"GPS World"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"59","article-title":"GNSS Receiver Antispoofing Techniques: A Review and Future Prospects","author":"ling","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Electronics Communications and Networks"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"2344","article-title":"Multi-antenna based GNSS suppression interference and deceptive interference joint suppression method","volume":"38","author":"wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Electronics & Information Technology"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"40","article-title":"A multiantenna defense: receiver-autonomous GPS spoofing detection","volume":"4","author":"montgomery","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inside GNSS"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2016.2526658"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"45","article-title":"A GNSS anti-spoofing technique based on dual-receiver","volume":"38","author":"ling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of National University of Defense Technology"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"40","article-title":"A multi-antenna defense: receiver-autonomous GPS spoofing detection","volume":"4","author":"montgomery","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inside GNSS"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/navi.44"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/navi.19"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"2875","article-title":"GNSS Spoofing Detection basedon Receiver C\/N0 Estimates","author":"vahid","year":"0","journal-title":"ION-GNSS-2012"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"124","article-title":"Receiver autonomous spoofing detection: experimental results of a multiantenna receiver defense against a portable civil GPS spoofer","author":"montgomery","year":"0","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2009 International Technical Meeting of the Institute of Navigation"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"91","article-title":"Spoofing detection technique before despreading for GNSS antenna-array receivers","volume":"40","author":"geng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of National University of Defense Technology"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PLANS.2014.6851385"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"32","article-title":"Straight talk on antispoofing","volume":"23","author":"wesson","year":"2012","journal-title":"SECURITY & WIRELESS Signal Processing"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/127072"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"239","author":"kuhn","year":"2005","journal-title":"An Asymmetric Security Mechanism for Navigation Signals"}],"event":{"name":"2019 IEEE 19th International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT)","location":"Xi'an, China","start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,16]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,19]]}},"container-title":["2019 IEEE 19th International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/8943077\/8946993\/08947107.pdf?arnumber=8947107","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,17]],"date-time":"2022-07-17T21:48:48Z","timestamp":1658094528000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8947107\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"references-count":79,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/icct46805.2019.8947107","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}}}