{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:09:35Z","timestamp":1777450175275,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"IEEE","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]],"date-time":"2021-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]],"date-time":"2021-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610236800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]],"date-time":"2021-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610236800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"French National Research Agency (ANR)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-17-CE39-0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-17-CE39-0002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/icpr48806.2021.9412446","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T02:15:54Z","timestamp":1620267354000},"page":"7066-7071","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["How Unique Is a Face: An Investigative Study"],"prefix":"10.1109","author":[{"given":"Michal","family":"Balazia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S L","family":"Happy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francois","family":"Bremond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antitza","family":"Dantcheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2013.12.010"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"1184","article-title":"A metric of information gained through biometric systems","author":"takahashi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACV.1994.341300"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"Imagenet large scale visual recognition challenge","volume":"115","author":"russakovsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Vision"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"1","article-title":"Exploiting the “dod-dington zoo” effect in biometric fusion","author":"ross","year":"2009","journal-title":"2009 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications, and Systems"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICB45273.2019.8987307"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.308"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/THS.2013.6698978"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2010.363"},{"key":"ref34","author":"simonyan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-scale Image Recognition"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Sheep, goats, lambs and wolves: A statistical analysis of speaker performance in the nist 1998 speaker recognition evaluation","author":"doddington","year":"1998","journal-title":"Technical report National Inst of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Md"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000013087.49260.fb"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-218X(92)90177-C"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/EUSIPCO.2017.8081346"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151691"},{"key":"ref15","author":"howard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mobilenets Efficient convolutional neural networks for mobile vision applications"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.243"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Labeled faces in the wild: A database for studying face recognition in unconstrained environments","author":"huang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Technical Report 07–49 University of Massachusetts Amherst"},{"key":"ref18","author":"jain","year":"2007","journal-title":"Handbook of Biometrics"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2015.12.013"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2011.5771395"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW.2011.6130409"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5244\/C.29.41"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2010.5634534"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2015.2480381"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Revisiting doddington's zoo: a systematic method to assess user-dependent variabilities","author":"poh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Technical Report IDIAP"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MMSP.2010.5662074"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2006.884092"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-010-0635-7"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"National Research Council","year":"2009","journal-title":"Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States A Path Forward"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2015.2500196"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCECE.2006.277447"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-77326-1"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISBA.2018.8311473"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2012.6374583"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2019.2916406"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177729694"},{"key":"ref41","author":"wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"The devil of face recognition is in the noise"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.34.4.811"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2003.819611"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2016.2603342"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Is twin childbearing on the decline? twin births in the united states, 2014–2018","author":"martin","year":"2019","journal-title":"National Center for Health Statistics Data Brief"}],"event":{"name":"2020 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)","location":"Milan, Italy","start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]}},"container-title":["2020 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/9411940\/9411911\/09412446.pdf?arnumber=9412446","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T15:40:51Z","timestamp":1652197251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9412446\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]]},"references-count":43,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/icpr48806.2021.9412446","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]]}}}