{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T06:05:26Z","timestamp":1784268326445,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"IEEE","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779062400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779062400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/icst69053.2026.00084","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T21:48:20Z","timestamp":1784238500000},"page":"623-634","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Towards Counterfactual Explanation and Assertion Inference for CPS Debugging"],"prefix":"10.1109","author":[{"given":"Zaid","family":"Ghazal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan-Dearborn,Dearborn,MI,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadiza","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan-Dearborn,Dearborn,MI,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khouloud","family":"Gaaloul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan-Dearborn,Dearborn,MI,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3711906"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICST57152.2023.00034"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2019.06.009"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Digital twins could revolutionize planes, cars and hearts","author":"Woo","year":"2024","journal-title":"wall Street Journal"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315218335"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3722573.3727829"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/87.486338"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24953-7_20"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3178126.3178131"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/stvr.1605"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10009-020-00599-4"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3246512"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSME46990.2020.00044"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"87","article-title":"Causal testing: understanding defects\u2019 root causes","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM\/IEEE 42nd international conference on software engineering","author":"Johnson"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SERA57763.2023.10197835"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMLA.2019.00098"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE.2019.00056"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3246512"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3533767.3534406"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3395363.3397349"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2020.3013716"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3368089.3409687"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2021.3101818"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICST57152.2023.00043"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scico.2007.01.015"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3368089.3409737"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBIO.2009.4913274"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIV.2019.2955903"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Cruise control test generation","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"Building a clutch lock-up model","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Design a guidance system in matlab and simulink","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"Dc motor model simulink model","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29007\/hgfv"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29007\/68dk"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Essentials of Metaheuristics","volume-title":"Lulu","author":"Luke","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30206-3_12"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"343","article-title":"Learning with continuous classes","volume-title":"th Australian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence.","author":"Quinlan"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-46695-9_1"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11749-016-0481-7"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2019.10.118","article-title":"A comprehensive survey on support vector machine classification: Applications, challenges and trends","volume":"408","author":"Cervantes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-377-6.50023-2"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/3461535.3461555"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-86520-7_40"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29007\/xwrs"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"Adaptive cruise control system using model predictive control","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-46430-1_16"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29007\/fhnk"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3510457.3513049"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CYBER.2014.6917426"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3351095.3372850"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177730491.MR0022058.Zbl0041.26103"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1165329"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3461702.3462597"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29007\/xwl1"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/605466.605468"},{"key":"ref56","article-title":"Decaf - towards counterfactualguided explanation and assertion-based inference for cps debugging","author":"Ghazal","year":"2025"}],"event":{"name":"2026 IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation (ICST)","location":"Daejeon, Korea, Republic of","start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]}},"container-title":["2026 IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation (ICST)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/11600401\/11600462\/11600537.pdf?arnumber=11600537","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T05:22:20Z","timestamp":1784265740000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11600537\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"references-count":56,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/icst69053.2026.00084","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]}}}