{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T06:51:08Z","timestamp":1773471068838,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"IEEE","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/ict4da56482.2022.9971385","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T18:42:28Z","timestamp":1670524948000},"page":"84-89","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Effect of Normalization for Bi-directional Amharic-English Neural Machine Translation"],"prefix":"10.1109","author":[{"given":"Tadesse Destaw","family":"Belay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wollo University,College of Informatics,Kombolcha,Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atnafu Lambebo","family":"Tonja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci&#x00F3;n en Computaci&#x00F3;n Instituto Polit&#x00E9;cnico Nacional,Mexico City,Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Kolesnikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci&#x00F3;n en Computaci&#x00F3;n Instituto Polit&#x00E9;cnico Nacional,Mexico City,Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seid Muhie","family":"Yimam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit&#x00E4;t Hamburg,Dept. of Informatics,Hamburg,Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abinew Ali","family":"Ayele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bahir Dar University,ICT4D Research Center,Bahir dar,Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silesh Bogale","family":"Haile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assosa University,Dept. of Computer Science,Assosa,Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grigori","family":"Sidorov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci&#x00F3;n en Computaci&#x00F3;n Instituto Polit&#x00E9;cnico Nacional,Mexico City,Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Gelbukh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci&#x00F3;n en Computaci&#x00F3;n Instituto Polit&#x00E9;cnico Nacional,Mexico City,Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref33","author":"fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"ArXiv Preprint"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i05.6465"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00410"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"923","article-title":"Opensubtitles2016: Extracting large parallel corpora from movie and tv subtitles","author":"lison","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"23","article-title":"A new algorithm for data compression","volume":"12","author":"gage","year":"1994","journal-title":"C Users Journal"},{"key":"ref35","author":"klein","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv 1701 02810"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"311","article-title":"Bleu: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation","author":"papineni","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics  - ACL '02"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W18-5431"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICT4DA53266.2021.9671270"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICT4DA53266.2021.9672230"},{"key":"ref13","author":"zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv 1810 03487"},{"key":"ref14","author":"yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv 2002 05155"},{"key":"ref15","author":"eberhard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ethnologue Languages of the world (2022)"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-95153-9_13"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/comp-2019-0019"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICT4DA53266.2021.9672229"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-85030-2_37"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICICT55905.2022.00030"},{"key":"ref4","author":"cho","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv 1409 1259"},{"key":"ref27","author":"hadgu","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv 2003 14412"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"177","author":"koehn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Companion Volume Proceedings of the Demo and Poster Sessions"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21196509"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Text data pre-processing and dimensionality reduction techniques for document clustering","volume":"1","author":"kumar","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"1700","article-title":"Recurrent continuous translation models","author":"kalchbrenner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing"},{"key":"ref8","author":"gehring","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv 1611 02344"},{"key":"ref7","author":"bahdanau","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv 1409 0473"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10590-011-9090-0"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"5998","article-title":"Attention is all you need","volume":"30","author":"vaswani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W17-4717"},{"key":"ref20","author":"gezmu","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv 2104 03543"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AFRCON.2015.7331921"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"3102","article-title":"Parallel corpora for bi-lingual English-Ethiopian languages statistical machine translation","author":"abate","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"36","author":"teshome","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spoken Language Technologies for Under-resoured Languages"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"277","article-title":"Basic language resources for 31 languages (plus English): The LORELEI representative and incident language packs","author":"tracey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 1st Joint Workshop on Spoken Language Technologies for Under-resourced languages (SLTU) and Collaboration and Computing for Under-Resourced Languages (CCURL)"},{"key":"ref26","author":"ambaye","year":"2000","journal-title":"English to Amharic machine translation using statistical machine translation"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10590-021-09262-4"}],"event":{"name":"2022 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for Development for Africa (ICT4DA)","location":"Bahir Dar, Ethiopia","start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]}},"container-title":["2022 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for Development for Africa (ICT4DA)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/9971148\/9971152\/09971385.pdf?arnumber=9971385","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]],"date-time":"2022-12-26T19:45:17Z","timestamp":1672083917000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9971385\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"references-count":36,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ict4da56482.2022.9971385","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]}}}