{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T10:16:49Z","timestamp":1766053009741,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"IEEE","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762128000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762128000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/ictai66417.2025.00123","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T18:35:43Z","timestamp":1765823743000},"page":"843-848","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detecting Machine-Generated Text using Grammatical Features"],"prefix":"10.1109","author":[{"given":"Colbert","family":"Ngouanfouo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit&#x00E9; du Qu&#x00E9;bec en Outaouais,D&#x00E9;partement d&#x0027;Informatique et d&#x0027;Ing&#x00E9;nierie,Gatineau,Qu\u00e9bec,Canada"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Davoust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit&#x00E9; du Qu&#x00E9;bec en Outaouais,D&#x00E9;partement d&#x0027;Informatique et d&#x0027;Ing&#x00E9;nierie,Gatineau,Qu\u00e9bec,Canada"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.emnlp-main.483"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTAI59109.2023.00074"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-42699-6_1"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41060-021-00299-5"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Defending against neural fake news","volume":"32","author":"Zellers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106553"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.acl-long.565"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2208839120"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/XPS.2020.37"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.coling-main.208"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3624725"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Distinguishing human from machine: A review of advances and challenges in aigenerated text detection","author":"Fariello","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Interact. Multimed. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Ai vs. human-differentiation analysis of scientific content generation","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv preprint"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3294090"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APSIPA.2017.8282270"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.443"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/coli_a_00380"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Stylometric detection of ai-generated text in twitter timelines","author":"Kumarage","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv preprint"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Spotting llms with binoculars: Zero-shot detection of machine-generated text","author":"Hans","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv preprint"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"24950","article-title":"Detectgpt: Zero-shot machine-generated text detection using probability curvature","volume-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning","author":"Mitchell"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/n19\u20131423"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Distilbert, a distilled version of bert: smaller, faster, cheaper and lighter","author":"Sanh","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv preprint"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"How close is chatgpt to human experts? comparison corpus, evaluation, and detection","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv preprint"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.findings-emnlp.827"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Petkaz at semeval-2024 task 8: Can linguistics capture the specifics of 11 m-generated text?","author":"Petukhova","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv preprint"},{"article-title":"I\u2019ve seen things you machines wouldn\u2019t believe: Measuring content predictability to identify automatically-generated text","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Iberian Languages Evaluation Forum (IberLEF 2023).","author":"Przyby\u0142a","key":"ref26"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrp.2023.101426"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511801679"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.semeval-1.279"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.semeval-1.63"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.acl-long.674"}],"event":{"name":"2025 IEEE 37th International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI)","start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"location":"Athens, Greece","end":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]}},"container-title":["2025 IEEE 37th International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/11272175\/11272453\/11272737.pdf?arnumber=11272737","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T10:13:39Z","timestamp":1766052819000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11272737\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"references-count":31,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ictai66417.2025.00123","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]}}}