{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T15:49:04Z","timestamp":1776181744488,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"IEEE","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/ijcnn48605.2020.9207304","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]],"date-time":"2020-09-30T00:40:33Z","timestamp":1601426433000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":602,"title":["Pseudo-Labeling and Confirmation Bias in Deep Semi-Supervised Learning"],"prefix":"10.1109","author":[{"given":"Eric","family":"Arazo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Ortego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Noel E.","family":"O'Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"McGuinness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","article-title":"Surprising Effectiveness of FewImage Unsupervised Feature Learning","author":"asano","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"Learning multiple layers of features from tiny images","author":"krizhevsky","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tech Rep"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"Semi-supervised Learning by Entropy Minimization","author":"grandvalet","year":"2004","journal-title":"International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS)"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Semi-Supervised Deep Learning with Memory","author":"chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV)"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"Temporal Ensembling for Semi-Supervised Learning","author":"laine","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"Optimization as a model for few-shot learning","author":"ravi","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2009.5206848"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Matching Networks for One Shot Learning","author":"vinyals","year":"2016","journal-title":"Advances in Neural IInformation Processing Systems"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"Reading digits in natural images with unsupervised feature learning","author":"netzer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Advances in Neural IInformation Processing Systems"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Unsupervised Representation Learning by Predicting Image Rotations","author":"gidaris","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Weight Normalization: A Simple Reparameterization to Accelerate Training of Deep Neural Networks","author":"salimans","year":"2016","journal-title":"Advances in Neural IInformation Processing Systems"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Decoupled Certainty-Driven Consistency Loss for Semi-supervised Learning","author":"li","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2016.7472666"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10115-017-1090-9"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Adversarial Training Methods for Semi-Supervised Text Classification","author":"miyato","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Regularization With Stochastic Transformations and Perturbations for Deep Semi-Supervised Learning","author":"sajjadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Advances in Neural IInformation Processing Systems"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Pseudo-label: The simple and efficient semi-supervised learning method for deep neural networks","author":"lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Machine Learning-International Workshop and Conference"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00521"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Mean teachers are better role models: Weight-averaged consistency targets improve semi-supervised deep learning results","author":"tarvainen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Advances in Neural IInformation Processing Systems"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Transductive Semi-Supervised Deep Learning using Min-Max Features","author":"shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV)"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2019\/504"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Rethinking Spatiotemporal Feature Learning: Speed-Accuracy Trade-offs in Video Classification","author":"xie","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV)"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"1929","article-title":"Dropout: A Simple Way to Prevent Neural Networks from Overfitting","volume":"15","author":"srivastava","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Multi-object Tracking with Neural Gating Using Bilinear LSTM","author":"kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV)"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Realistic Evaluation of Deep Semi-Supervised Learning Algorithms","author":"oliver","year":"2018","journal-title":"Advances in Neural IInformation Processing Systems"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"There Are Many Consistent Explanations of Unlabeled Data: Why You Should Average","author":"athiwaratkun","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"WebVision Database: Visual Learning and Understanding from Web Data","author":"li","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2018.05.083"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2019.2899857"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Learning towards Minimum Hyperspherical Energy","author":"liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Advances in Neural IInformation Processing Systems"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Unsupervised Label Noise Modeling and Loss Correction","author":"arazo","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.324"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"Identity Mappings in Deep Residual Networks","author":"he","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV)"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Virtual Adversarial Training: A Regularization Method for Supervised and Semi-Supervised Learning","author":"miyato","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"Wide Residual Networks","author":"zagoruyko","year":"2016","journal-title":"British Machine Vision Conference (BMVC)"},{"key":"ref48","article-title":"SemiSupervised Learning with Scarce Annotations","author":"rebuffi","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00927"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Population Based Augmentation: Efficient Learning of Augmentation Policy Schedules","author":"ho","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Deep Co-Training for Semi-Supervised Image Recognition","author":"qiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV)"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00202"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00582"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.514"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"MixMatch: A Holistic Approach to Semi-Supervised Learning","author":"berthelot","year":"2019","journal-title":"Advances in Neural IInformation Processing Systems"},{"key":"ref44","article-title":"Deep Image Prior","author":"ulyanov","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2172\/1525811"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"ImageNet Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks","author":"krizhevsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Advances in Neural IInformation Processing Systems"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"mixup: Beyond Empirical Risk Minimization","author":"zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)"}],"event":{"name":"2020 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","location":"Glasgow, United Kingdom","start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,19]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]]}},"container-title":["2020 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/9200848\/9206590\/09207304.pdf?arnumber=9207304","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T21:58:04Z","timestamp":1656453484000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9207304\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"references-count":48,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ijcnn48605.2020.9207304","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}}}