{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T07:41:47Z","timestamp":1774942907058,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"IEEE","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620604800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620604800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006190","name":"Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003012","name":"Impact Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003012","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/infocom42981.2021.9488747","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T00:07:32Z","timestamp":1627344452000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":157,"title":["Pyramid: A Layered Sharding Blockchain System"],"prefix":"10.1109","author":[{"given":"Zicong","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University,School of Data and Computer Science,Guangzhou,China"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Department of Computing,Hong Kong,China"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Aizu,School of Computer Science and Engineering,Aizuwakamatsu,Japan"}]},{"given":"Wuhui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University,School of Data and Computer Science,Guangzhou,China"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Monoxide: Scale out blockchains with asynchronous consensus zones","author":"wang","year":"0"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Chainspace: A sharded smart contracts platform","volume":"abs 1708 3778","author":"al-bassam","year":"2017","journal-title":"CoRR"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3299869.3319889"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE48307.2020.00121"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Practical byzantine fault tolerance","author":"castro","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proceeding of Third Symposium on Operating System Design and Implementation (OSDI)"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3318041.3355457"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SFFCS.1999.814584"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"757","article-title":"Verifiable delay functions","author":"boneh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annual International Cryptology Conference"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2016.38"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2019.8761130"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"A peer-to-peer marketplace for rare digital items and crypto collectibles","year":"0"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"Average number of inputs and outputs of a transaction in bitcoin","author":"visuals","year":"0"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"The world’s largest blockchain auction house for crypto collectibles","year":"0"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"279","article-title":"Enhancing bitcoin security and performance with strong consistency via collective signing","author":"kogias","year":"0"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Bitcoin-ng: A scalable blockchain protocol","author":"eyal","year":"0"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2018.000-5"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2976749.2978389"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Ethereum: A secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger","author":"wood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ethereum Project Yellow Paper"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3243734.3243853"},{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system","author":"nakamoto","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Xblock-eth: Extracting and exploring blockchain data from ethereum","author":"zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Working Report"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2918296"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Divide and scale: Formalization of distributed ledger sharding protocols","author":"avarikioti","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PERCOMW.2017.7917634"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2874398"},{"key":"ref26","author":"antonopoulos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mastering Bitcoin Programming the Open Blockchain"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2018.8486401"}],"event":{"name":"IEEE INFOCOM 2021 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","location":"Vancouver, BC, Canada","start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]}},"container-title":["IEEE INFOCOM 2021 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/9488422\/9488423\/09488747.pdf?arnumber=9488747","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]],"date-time":"2022-08-02T23:14:36Z","timestamp":1659482076000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9488747\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]},"references-count":27,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/infocom42981.2021.9488747","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]}}}