{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T16:56:50Z","timestamp":1782925010247,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"IEEE","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/ipdps65963.2026.00052","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T20:55:16Z","timestamp":1782852916000},"page":"527-543","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spritz: Path-Aware Load Balancing in Low-Diameter Networks"],"prefix":"10.1109","author":[{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Bonato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ETH Z&#x00FC;rich,Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ales","family":"Kubicek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETH Z&#x00FC;rich,Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Kabbani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Ghalayini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft,USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Besta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETH Z&#x00FC;rich,Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torsten","family":"Hoefler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETH Z&#x00FC;rich,Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10766-021-00717-y"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref2","first-page":"29","article-title":"The convergence of hyperscale data center and high-performance computing networks","volume-title":"Computer","volume":"55","author":"Hoefler","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Ultra ethernet specification version 1.0","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Ultra Ethernet","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc2992","article-title":"Analysis of an equal-cost multi-path algorithm","volume-title":"Internet Engineering Task Force, RFC 2992","author":"Hopps","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"855","article-title":"Hashing linearity enables relative path control in data centers","volume-title":"Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference","author":"Zhang"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref7","first-page":"67","article-title":"Data center ethernet and remote direct memory access: Issues at hyperscale","volume-title":"Computer","volume":"56","author":"Hoefler","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3651890.3672233"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3651890.3672265"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2890955.2890968"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"407","article-title":"Let it flow: Resilient asymmetric load balancing with flowlet switching","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 14th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation","author":"Vanini"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2740070.2626316"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3005745.3005751"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2829988.2787507"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3098822.3098841"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13677-020-00160-3"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3234200.3234222"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3230543.3230564"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"20","article-title":"Deadline and incast aware tcp for cloud data center networks","volume-title":"Computer Networks","volume":"68","author":"Hwang","year":"2014"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref20","first-page":"491","article-title":"Sed: An sdn-based explicit-deadline-aware tcp for cloud data center networks","volume-title":"Tsinghua Science and Technology","volume":"21","author":"Lu","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2377677.2377709"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2534169.2486031"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2670518.2673871"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2043164.2018467"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3098822.3098825"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3005745.3005772"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2934872.2934903"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1851275.1851192"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3009824"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2829988.2787510"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"1","article-title":"Openflow based load balancing for fat-tree networks with multipath support","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference on Communications","author":"Li"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2740070.2626309"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2940147.2940154"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref34","first-page":"558","article-title":"Maxpass: Credit-based multipath transmission for load balancing in data centers","volume-title":"Journal of Communications and Networks","volume":"21","author":"Park","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3229591.3229596"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"357","article-title":"Multi-path transport for rdma in datacenters","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 15th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation","author":"Lu"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref37","first-page":"28","article-title":"A survey on tcp-friendly congestion control","volume-title":"IEEE Network","volume":"15","author":"Widmer","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-05209-0_3"},{"key":"ref39","article-title":"Flowcut switching: High-performance adaptive routing with in-order delivery guarantees","author":"Bonato","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Ultra ethernet\u2019s design principles and architectural innovations","author":"Hoefler","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"Top500 list \u2013 november 2024","author":"Strohmaier","year":"2024","journal-title":"top500.org"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"An in-depth analysis of the slingshot interconnect","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis","author":"De Sensi"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hpe slingshot launched into network space","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Cray User Group","author":"Roweth"},{"key":"ref44","article-title":"Cognitive routing in the tomahawk 5 data center switch","author":"Kalkunte","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"Dynamic load balancing","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"Nvidia spectrum-x network platform architecture","volume-title":"NVIDIA, Tech. Rep.","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Current state of the art for routing in ai networks","volume-title":"Internet Engineering Task Force, Internet-Draft","author":"Dong","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref48","article-title":"Fatpaths: Routing in supercomputers and data centers when shortest paths fall short","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis","author":"Besta"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1394608.1382129"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/sc.2014.34"},{"key":"ref51","article-title":"A high-performance design, implementation, deployment, and evaluation of the slim fly network","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 21st USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation","author":"Blach"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"Hammingmesh: A network topology for large-scale deep learning","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis","author":"Hoefler"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1654059.1654101"},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"Polarfly: A cost-effective and flexible low-diameter topology","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis","author":"Lakhotia"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3626183.3659975"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3392717.3392747"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/0211027"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref58","first-page":"397","article-title":"Random early detection gateways for congestion avoidance","volume-title":"IEEE\/ACM Transactions on Networking","volume":"1","author":"Floyd","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2829988.2787508"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2829988.2787484"},{"key":"ref61","article-title":"Implementing packet trimming support in hardware","author":"Adrian","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref62","article-title":"Ultra Ethernet Specification Update","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1232919.1232925"},{"key":"ref64","article-title":"Hedera: Dynamic flow scheduling for data center networks","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th USENIX Conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation","author":"Al-Fares"},{"key":"ref65","article-title":"Cray cascade: A scalable hpc system based on a dragonfly network","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis","author":"Faanes"},{"key":"ref66","first-page":"1","article-title":"Dragonfly+: Low cost topology for scaling datacenters","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE 3rd International Workshop on High-Performance Interconnection Networks in the Exascale and Big-Data Era","author":"Shpiner"},{"key":"ref67","first-page":"1","article-title":"Flier: Flow-level congestion-aware routing for direct-connect data centers","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","author":"Kabbani"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MM.2020.3016891"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3718958.3754353"},{"key":"ref70","article-title":"Smartt: Sender-based marked rapidly-adapting trimmed timed transport","author":"Bonato","year":"2026"},{"key":"ref71","article-title":"Reps: Recycled entropy packet spraying for adaptive load balancing and failure mitigation","author":"Bonato","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref72","first-page":"2130","article-title":"On the impact of packet spraying in data center networks","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 32nd IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications","author":"Dixit"},{"key":"ref73","article-title":"Swing: Short-cutting rings for higher bandwidth allreduce","author":"Sensi","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/3415478.3415530"},{"key":"ref75","author":"Naumov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Deep learning recommendation model for personalization and recommendation systems"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3558481.3591073"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2834050.2834059"},{"key":"ref78","first-page":"1040","article-title":"Spectralfly: Ramanujan graphs as flexible and efficient interconnection networks","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium","author":"Young"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3296957.3177158"},{"key":"ref80","author":"Gianinazzi","year":"2022","journal-title":"The spatial computer: A model for energy-efficient parallel computation"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DAC56929.2023.10248006"},{"key":"ref82","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Sparse Hamming Graph: A Customizable Network-on-Chip Topology","author":"Iff","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref83","author":"Iff","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rapidchiplet: A toolchain for rapid design space exploration of chiplet architectures"},{"key":"ref84","author":"Iff","year":"2025","journal-title":"Foldedhexatorus: An inter-chiplet interconnect topology for chiplet-based systems using organic and glass substrates"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref85","first-page":"943","article-title":"High-performance routing with multipathing and path diversity in ethernet and hpc networks","volume-title":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems","volume":"32","author":"Besta","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref86","first-page":"1","article-title":"Analysis and improvement of valiant routing in low-diameter networks","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE 4th International Workshop on High-Performance Interconnection Networks in the Exascale and Big-Data Era","author":"Benito"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3650200.3656602"},{"key":"ref88","first-page":"173","article-title":"Acor: Adaptive congestion-oblivious routing in dragonfly networks","volume-title":"Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing","volume":"131","author":"Benito","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2592798.2592803"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2674005.2674985"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544216.3544226"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3126908.3126970"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3295500.3356189"},{"key":"ref94","article-title":"Building blocks for network-accelerated distributed file systems","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis","author":"Di Girolamo"},{"key":"ref95","article-title":"Achieving the performance of global adaptive routing using local information on dragonfly through deep learning","author":"Liza","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3431379.3460650"}],"event":{"name":"2026 IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS)","location":"New Orleans, LA, USA","start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]}},"container-title":["2026 IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/11575315\/11575316\/11575422.pdf?arnumber=11575422","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T16:36:25Z","timestamp":1782923785000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11575422\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"references-count":96,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ipdps65963.2026.00052","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]}}}