{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T19:11:28Z","timestamp":1762542688968,"version":"3.28.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"IEEE","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/iscslp.2016.7918451","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,12]],"date-time":"2017-05-12T22:22:40Z","timestamp":1494627760000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of a multimodal 3-D pronunciation tutor for learning Mandarin as a second language: An eye-tracking study"],"prefix":"10.1109","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref33","first-page":"359","author":"lester","year":"1997","journal-title":"The Persona Effect Affective Impact of Animated Pedagogical Agents"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref32","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-005-0031-5"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"2631","author":"engwall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can audio-visual instructions help learners improve their articulation? &#x2014; An ultrasound study of short term changes"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2009.09.001","article-title":"Why does signaling enhance multimedia learning? Evidence from eye movements","volume":"26","author":"erol","year":"2010","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"706","author":"grauwinkel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Visual information and redundancy conveyed by internal articulator dynamics in synthetic audiovisual speech"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.specom.2010.03.002"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref34","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1907309"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"299","author":"zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"A multi-channel\/multi-speaker articulatory database in Mandarin for speech visualization"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"1802","author":"wu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Real-time synthesis of Chinese visual speech and facial expressions using MPEG-4 FAP features in a three-dimensional avatar"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"8106","author":"li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Speaker-independent lips and tongue visualization of vowels"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"93","volume":"75","author":"yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Data-Driven 3D Visual Pronunciation of Chinese IPA for Language Learning"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"2036","author":"yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"3D visual pronunciation of Mandarin Chinese for language learning"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"191","author":"liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"An interactive speech training system with virtual reality articulation for Mandarin-speaking hearing impaired children"},{"year":"2014","author":"wang","journal-title":"On the use of an articulatory talking head for second language pronunciation training the case of Chinese learners of French","key":"ref16"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"803","author":"chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Large-scale characterization of Mandarin pronunciation errors made by native speakers of European languages"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref18","DOI":"10.1080\/01690960802113850"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"6130","author":"chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intelligible Enhancement of 3D Articulation Animation by Incorporating Airflow Information"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"35","article-title":"Developing and Evaluating of Non-Realistic Three-Dimensional (3d-Nr) And Two-Dimensional (2d) Talking-Head Animation Courseware","volume":"3","author":"hamdan","year":"0","journal-title":"The Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref4","DOI":"10.1002\/cav.11"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"What Do Eye Movements Tell Us About Awareness? A Triangulation of Eye-Movement Data, Verbal Reports, and Vocabulary Learning Scores","author":"godfroid","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Dentistry"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-7421(02)80005-6"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"41","article-title":"Making typically obscured articulatory activity available to speech readers by means of videofluoroscopy","volume":"4","author":"murray","year":"1993","journal-title":"NCVS Status and Progress Report"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref29","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.124.3.372"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6393(02)00132-2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.specom.2012.02.003"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"2247","author":"wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Evaluation of external and internal articulator dynamics for pronunciation learning"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref2","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022193728205"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref9","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-010-0434-1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144230"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"2310","author":"theobald","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lips 2008 visual speech synthesis challenge"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref22","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-7934-6_9"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1007\/s003710050182","article-title":"User evaluation: Synthetic talking faces for interactive services","volume":"15","author":"pandzic","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Visual Computer"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref24","DOI":"10.1348\/000712605X47422"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1207\/s1532799xssr1003_3","article-title":"Eye movements as reflections of comprehension processes in reading","volume":"10","author":"rayner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scientific Studies of Reading"},{"year":"2011","author":"holmqvist","journal-title":"Eye Tracking A Comprehensive Guide to Methods and Measures","key":"ref26"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref25","DOI":"10.1068\/p2933"}],"event":{"name":"2016 10th International Symposium on Chinese Spoken Language Processing (ISCSLP)","start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,17]]},"location":"Tianjin, China","end":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,20]]}},"container-title":["2016 10th International Symposium on Chinese Spoken Language Processing (ISCSLP)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/7912121\/7918361\/07918451.pdf?arnumber=7918451","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]],"date-time":"2019-09-24T11:53:25Z","timestamp":1569326005000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7918451\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"references-count":36,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/iscslp.2016.7918451","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]}}}