{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T19:08:27Z","timestamp":1776884907474,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"IEEE","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626048000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626048000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"NSF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CCF 17-04970,CCF 16-17286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CCF 17-04970,CCF 16-17286"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/isit45174.2021.9517766","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T16:52:42Z","timestamp":1630515162000},"page":"2643-2648","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Impact of Data Processing on Fairness in Supervised Learning"],"prefix":"10.1109","author":[{"given":"Sajad","family":"Khodadadian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology,H. Milton Stewart School Of Industrial And Systems Engineering"}]},{"given":"AmirEmad","family":"Ghassami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University,Department of Computer Science"}]},{"given":"Negar","family":"Kiyavash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Management of Technology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref33","article-title":"Learning non-discriminatory predictors","author":"woodworth","year":"2017","journal-title":"ArXiv Preprint"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1966.tb00626.x"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDMW.2009.83"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"Impact of data processing on fairness in supervised learning","author":"khodadadian","year":"2021","journal-title":"ArXiv Preprint"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1561\/0100000004","article-title":"Information theory and statistics: A tutorial","volume":"1","author":"csisz\u00e1r","year":"2004","journal-title":"Foundations and Trends? in Communications and Information Theory"},{"key":"ref34","volume":"6","author":"bertsimas","year":"1997","journal-title":"Introduction to Linear Optimization"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"229","article-title":"From parity to preference-based notions of fairness in classification","author":"zafar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3097983.3098095"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"60","article-title":"A reductions approach to fair classification","author":"agarwal","year":"0","journal-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM.2012.45"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3278721.3278779"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10618-010-0190-x"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3287560.3287586"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9781611972795.50"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Optimized score transformation for fair classification","author":"wei","year":"2019","journal-title":"ArXiv Preprint"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269888913000039"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2013.2253320"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1228551"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"1401","article-title":"Privacy against statistical inference","author":"calmon","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 50th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication Control and Computing"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Detecting bias in black-box models using transparent model distillation","author":"tan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence Ethics and Society"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2783258.2783311"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CISS.2016.7460507"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Big data's disparate impact","author":"barocas","year":"2016","journal-title":"S Cal L Rev"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Equality of opportunity in supervised learning","author":"hardt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"To split or not to split: The impact of disparate treatment in classification","author":"wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ArXiv Preprint"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Gender shades: Intersectional accuracy disparities in commercial gender classification","author":"buolamwini","year":"0","journal-title":"Conference on Fairness Accountability and Transparency"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124118782533"},{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Estimating skin tone and effects on classification performance in dermatology datasets","author":"kinyanjui","year":"2019","journal-title":"ArXiv Preprint"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BigData.2018.8622525"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2012.72"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10115-011-0463-8"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISIT.2018.8437661"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"3992","article-title":"Optimized pre-processing for discrimination prevention","author":"calmon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"6618","article-title":"Repairing without retraining: Avoiding disparate impact with counterfactual distributions","author":"wang","year":"0","journal-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISIT.2018.8437807"}],"event":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT)","location":"Melbourne, Australia","start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]]}},"container-title":["2021 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/9517708\/9517709\/09517766.pdf?arnumber=9517766","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T20:34:48Z","timestamp":1773347688000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9517766\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"references-count":35,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/isit45174.2021.9517766","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]}}}