{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T18:26:05Z","timestamp":1772303165289,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"IEEE","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]],"date-time":"2020-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]],"date-time":"2020-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603152000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]],"date-time":"2020-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603152000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/isncc49221.2020.9297326","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,25]],"date-time":"2020-12-25T22:06:21Z","timestamp":1608933981000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Security Ingredients for Correct and Byzantine Fault-tolerant Blockchain Consensus Algorithms"],"prefix":"10.1109","author":[{"given":"Amani","family":"Altarawneh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Skjellum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","author":"gupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blockchainid"},{"key":"ref38","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cyber Security and Threats Concepts Methodologies Tools and Applications"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"15","article-title":"Corda: an introduction","volume":"1","author":"brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"R3 CEV"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"practical byzantine fault tolerance(pbft)","year":"0"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"305","article-title":"In search of an under-standable consensus algorithm","author":"ongaro","year":"2014","journal-title":"2014 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC 14)"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"18","article-title":"Paxos made simple","volume":"32","author":"lamport","year":"2001","journal-title":"ACM SIGACT News"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-38181-3_4"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCWC47524.2020.9031204"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3316481"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/279227.279229"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Blockchain consensus proto-cols in the wild","author":"cachin","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref11","author":"tanenbaum","year":"2007","journal-title":"Distributed Systems Principles and Paradigms"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74466-5_61"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"129","article-title":"Eclipse attacks on bitcoin’s peer-to-peer network","author":"heilman","year":"2015","journal-title":"24th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 15)"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Further applications of the blockchain","author":"foroglou","year":"2015","journal-title":"12th Student Conference on Managerial Science and Technology"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"A survey about consensus algorithms used in blockchain","volume":"14","author":"nguyen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"558","volume":"21","author":"lamport","year":"1978","journal-title":"Time clocks and the ordering of events in a distributed system"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Understanding blockchain consensus models","volume":"2017","author":"baliga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Persistent"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"112","article-title":"The quest for scalable blockchain fabric: Proof-of-work vs. BFT replication","author":"vukoli?","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Workshop on Open Problems in Network Security"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"1","article-title":"A survey on consensus mechanisms and mining management in blockchain networks","author":"wang","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2019.2928178"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2020.2969706"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/42282.42283"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"4","article-title":"Architecture of the hyperledger blockchain fabric","volume":"310","author":"cachin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Workshop on Distributed Cryptocurrencies and Consensus Ledgers (DCCL)"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/167088.167119"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3335772.3335934"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3335772.3335936"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/inco.1995.1060"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA258467"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2012.37"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ethereum: A secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger","volume":"151","author":"wood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ethereum Project Yellow Paper"},{"key":"ref9","author":"narayanan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Technologies A Comprehensive Introduction"},{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system","author":"nakamoto","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3318041.3355458"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCCN.2017.8038517"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2842460"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Assessing security and performances of consensus algorithms for permissioned blockchains","author":"de angelis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ph D Dissertation"},{"key":"ref48","article-title":"Assessing security and performances of consensus algorithms for permissioned blockchains","author":"de angelis","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref21","author":"md sadek ferdous","year":"0","journal-title":"Blockchain Consensus Algorithms A Survey"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"State machine replication in the libra blockchain","author":"baudet","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Sharding FAQ","year":"0"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"279","article-title":"Enhancing bitcoin security and performance with strong consistency via collective signing","author":"kogias","year":"2016","journal-title":"25th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 16)"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Proof of authority chain,aura","author":"chitransh","year":"0"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2019.8761240"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/0471478210","volume":"19","author":"attiya","year":"2004","journal-title":"Distributed Computing Fundamentals Simulations and Advanced Topics"},{"key":"ref44","volume":"219","author":"van damme","year":"2012","journal-title":"Refinements of the Nash Equilibrium Concept"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119519621.ch2"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2018.000-5"}],"event":{"name":"2020 International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications (ISNCC)","location":"Montreal, QC, Canada","start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]]}},"container-title":["2020 International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications (ISNCC)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/9297148\/9297168\/09297326.pdf?arnumber=9297326","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T08:33:18Z","timestamp":1697445198000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9297326\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]]},"references-count":48,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/isncc49221.2020.9297326","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]]}}}