{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T09:30:57Z","timestamp":1780392657840,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]],"date-time":"2018-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001475","name":"Nanyang Technological University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["M4081329.020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M4081329.020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001475","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/jbhi.2017.2780879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]],"date-time":"2017-12-07T19:25:48Z","timestamp":1512674748000},"page":"1421-1433","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Smartphone Orientation Estimation Algorithm Combining Kalman Filter With Gradient Descent"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5456-4037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seanglidet","family":"Yean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bu Sung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chai Kiat","family":"Yeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan Hua","family":"Vun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8007-3151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong Lye","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9780691211701"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s150307016"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"Maths - Euler angles","author":"baker","year":"0"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"Knee conditioning program","year":"0"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"What are knee problems","year":"2014","journal-title":"U D of Health and H S P H Service"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"Gyroscope module 3-axis l3g4200d","year":"0"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2008.923738"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2010.2040619"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Implementing a tilt-compensated ecompass using accelerometer and\n magnetometer sensors","author":"ozyagcilar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Freescale Semiconductor"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"The balance filter: A simple solution for integrating\n accelerometer and gyroscope measurements for a balancing platform","author":"colton","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CDC.2005.1582367"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/503814"},{"key":"ref11","author":"reese","year":"2016","journal-title":"Joint Range of Motion and Muscle Length Testing"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"605","article-title":"Use it free:\n Instantly knowing your phone attitude","author":"zhou","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 20th Annu Int Conf Mobile Comput Netw"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NEMS.2006.334690"},{"key":"ref14","volume":"4","author":"kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kalman Filters for Beginners With MATLAB Examples"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2005.847404"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s120202255"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"1306","article-title":"Inertial motion tracking of human arm movements in stroke rehabilitation","volume":"3","author":"zhou","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Mechatronics Autom"},{"key":"ref18","author":"luinge","year":"2002","journal-title":"Inertial Sensing of Human Movement"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2003.1251152"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"Gyroscope specification adis16260","year":"0"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BHI.2014.6864446"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2015.2504078"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2064942.2064948"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICORR.2009.5209471"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"iFixit. iphone 4 gyroscope teardown","year":"0"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/026921599701532090"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"213","article-title":"State of the art in gait analysis using wearable sensors for\n healthcare applications","author":"zhang","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 2012 IEEE\/ACIS 11th Int Conf Comput Inf Sci"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2007.09.001"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556288.2557353"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Statista. Number of smartphone users worldwide from 2014 to 2020 (in billions)","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Tele-rehabilitation solution for stroke patients to boost physical recovery","year":"0"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICORR.2011.5975346"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Indirect Kalman filter for 3D attitude estimation","volume":"2","author":"trawny","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2001.976367"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2011.6091395"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INTECH.2014.6927742"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"IMU data fusing: Complementary, Kalman, and Mahony filter","author":"bastelseiten","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"MTW development kit","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.11.046"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2014.05.018"}],"container-title":["IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6221020\/8432070\/08169018.pdf?arnumber=8169018","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T15:50:41Z","timestamp":1643212241000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8169018\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jbhi.2017.2780879","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-2194","type":"print"},{"value":"2168-2208","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}}}