{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T17:14:19Z","timestamp":1789233259724,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/jbhi.2019.2920356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,31]],"date-time":"2019-05-31T15:43:25Z","timestamp":1559317405000},"page":"669-680","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Separation of Fetal-ECG From Single-Channel Abdominal ECG Using Activation Scaled Non-Negative Matrix Factorization"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7025-9451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dharmendra","family":"Gurve","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4659-564X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sridhar","family":"Krishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","first-page":"556","article-title":"Algorithms for non-negative matrix factorization","author":"lee","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neu Inf Proc Sys"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2007.914345"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jco.2007.04.002"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2006.871582"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2013.2296133"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fams.2017.00002"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2008.4518498"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"430","article-title":"Reconstruction of sparse signals by minimizing a re-weighted approximate $\\mathrm{\\ell }$0-norm in the null space of the measurement matrix","author":"pant","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Midwest Symp Circuits and Syst"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2008.2007606"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"157","article-title":"Sparse recovery using sparse random matrices","volume":"6034","author":"indyk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Inf Theory"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13246-017-0527-5"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-13572-4_5"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/35\/8\/1723"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e32830f93ec"},{"key":"ref1","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Heart Association"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/35\/8\/1551"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CASP.2016.7746138"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/35\/8\/1607"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s11634-014-0192-4","article-title":"NMF versus ICA for blind source separation","volume":"11","author":"andri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Data Anal Classification"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2015.2493726","article-title":"Separation and analysis of fetal-ECG signals from compressed sensed abdominal ECG recordings","volume":"63","author":"giulia","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IranianCEE.2015.7146186"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"17","article-title":"A method for extracting fetal ECG based on EMD-NMF single channel blind source separation algorithm","volume":"24","author":"pengju","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tech Health Care"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"149","article-title":"Noninvasive fetal ECG: The physionet\/computing in cardiology challenge","volume":"40","author":"silva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comput Cardiol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.1985.325532"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/35\/8\/1665"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"4","article-title":"A review of fetal ECG signal processing; issues and promising directions","volume":"1","author":"reza","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Open Pacing, Electrophysiology &amp; Therapy Journal"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/10.553712"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/28\/4\/004"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM.2008.149"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Extraction of fetal cardiac signals from an array of maternal abdominal recordings","author":"sameni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ph D thesis"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"83","article-title":"Fetal QRS detection by means of Kalman filtering and using the event synchronous canceller","volume":"15","author":"sebastian","year":"0","journal-title":"Int J Bioelectromagn"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"325","article-title":"Fetal ECG detection in abdominal recordings: A method for QRS location","author":"rodrigues","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Comput Cardiol"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"20","article-title":"Comparison of principal component analysis and independent component analysis for blind source separation","volume":"56","author":"mutihac","year":"2004","journal-title":"Romanian Rep Phys"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"395","article-title":"Foetal ECG extraction using blind source separation methods","author":"bacharakis","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Eur Signal Process Conf"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02442670"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/35\/8\/1637"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/35\/8\/1713"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1918"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01697-7"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2013.11.001"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsha.2014.07.001"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Validation of beat by beat fetal heart signals acquired from four-channel fetal phonocardiogram with fetal electrocardiogram in healthy late pregnancy","volume":"8","author":"ahsan","year":"0","journal-title":"Scientific Rept"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/35\/8\/1521"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2009.09.005"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/30\/3\/005"},{"key":"ref46","year":"0"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"Non-negative matrix factorisation of compressively sampled non-negative signals","author":"grady","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 8th IMA Int Conf Math Signal Process"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-006-0054-0"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/bmt-2011-0130"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/72.761722"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2004.1381036"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"133","article-title":"Compressive sampling of non-negative signals","author":"grady","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Workshop Mach Learn for Signal Process"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2017.8037437"}],"container-title":["IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6221020\/9025311\/08727520.pdf?arnumber=8727520","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T13:20:00Z","timestamp":1651065600000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8727520\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jbhi.2019.2920356","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-2194","type":"print"},{"value":"2168-2208","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}}}