{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T15:29:10Z","timestamp":1778081350416,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OIA-1946391"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OIA-1946391"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NSF","award":["1920920"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1920920"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/jbhi.2023.3246241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T18:25:34Z","timestamp":1677781534000},"page":"2818-2828","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["sCL-ST: Supervised Contrastive Learning With Semantic Transformations for Multiple Lead ECG Arrhythmia Classification"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7771-7729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duc","family":"Le","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patel","family":"Brijesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald A.","family":"Adjeroh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering (LCSEE), West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2571-0511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ngan","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2005.202"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Subject-aware contrastive learning for biosignals","volume":"abs 2007 4871","author":"cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"ArXiv"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/info10020035"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22489\/CinC.2020.282"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-7981-3"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22489\/CinC.2020.112"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BHI.2019.8834468"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Improved baselines with momentum contrastive learning","author":"chen","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Conf Comput Vis Pattern Recognit"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2016.5688","article-title":"A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study","volume":"3","author":"fitzmaurice","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Oncology"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22489\/CinC.2020.095"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"21271","article-title":"Bootstrap your own latent: A new approach to self-supervised learning","author":"grill","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.emnlp-main.552"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"649","article-title":"Colorful image colorization","author":"zhang","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 14th Eur Conf Comput Vis"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2018.09.009"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2018.06.062"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22489\/CinC.2020.227"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2017.12.007"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP39728.2021.9414934"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"412","article-title":"Learning a nonlinear embedding by preserving class neighbourhood structure","author":"salakhutdinov","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Artif Intell Statist"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.protcy.2012.05.143"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298682"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"5628","article-title":"A theoretical analysis of contrastive unsupervised representation learning","author":"saunshi","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Mach Learn"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2018.03.016"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"1597","article-title":"A Simple Framework for Contrastive Learning of Visual Representations","author":"chen","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Mach Learn"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2018.8512789"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"22243","article-title":"Big self-supervised models are strong semi-supervised learners","author":"chen","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2019.103378"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.02.016","article-title":"Classification of myocardial infarction with multi-lead ECG signals and deep CNN","volume":"122","author":"baran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit Lett"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2007.06.036"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"9912","article-title":"Unsupervised learning of visual features by contrasting cluster assignments","author":"caron","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2018.08.008"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Fast smoothing function","author":"o'haver","year":"0"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22489\/CinC.2020.063"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5980541"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"Representation learning with contrastive predictive coding","author":"van den oord","year":"0","journal-title":"Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Self-supervised representation learning from 12-lead ECG data","volume":"141","author":"mehari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2021.103010"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22489\/CinC.2020.107"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22489\/CinC.2020.424"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0268-3"},{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Classification of 12-lead ECGs: The physionet\/computing in cardiology challenge 2020","volume":"41","author":"alday","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol Meas"},{"key":"ref39","article-title":"Automatic diagnosis of the 12-lead ECG using a deep neural network","volume":"11","author":"antonio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Commun"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Cardiologist-level arrhythmia detection with convolutional neural networks","volume":"abs 1707 1836","author":"rajpurkar","year":"2017","journal-title":"ArXiv"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22489\/CinC.2020.135"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"1","article-title":"A topology informed random forest classifier for ECG classification","author":"ignacio","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Comput Cardiol"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"18661","article-title":"Supervised contrastive learning","author":"khosla","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/aaaa9d"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00065"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22489\/CinC.2020.134"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"4182","article-title":"Data-efficient image recognition with contrastive predictive coding","author":"henaff","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Mach Learn"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BHI50953.2021.9508527"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"5606","article-title":"CLOCS: Contrastive learning of cardiac signals across space, time, and patients","author":"kiyasseh","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Mach Learn"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Prototypical contrastive learning of unsupervised representations","author":"li","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Learn Representations"}],"container-title":["IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/ielam\/6221020\/10144459\/10057484-aam.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6221020\/10144459\/10057484.pdf?arnumber=10057484","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T18:44:47Z","timestamp":1687805087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10057484\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jbhi.2023.3246241","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-2194","2168-2208"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-2194","type":"print"},{"value":"2168-2208","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}}}