{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T05:05:52Z","timestamp":1776056752240,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":132,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Basic Research Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFB1000101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFB1000101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61722214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61722214"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1811462"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1811462"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006469","name":"Macao Science and Technology Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["0026\/2018\/A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0026\/2018\/A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006469","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Program for Guangdong Introducing Innovative and Entrepreneurial Teams","award":["2016ZT06D211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016ZT06D211"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme through the Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie","award":["824019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["824019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Internet Things J."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/jiot.2019.2920987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,5]],"date-time":"2019-06-05T20:10:44Z","timestamp":1559765444000},"page":"8076-8094","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1047,"title":["Blockchain for Internet of Things: A Survey"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6165-4196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong-Ning","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7872-7718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zibin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8561-5092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","year":"2018","journal-title":"Consortium chain development"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSA.2017.33"},{"key":"ref33","author":"nakamoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bitcoin A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2966\/scrip.130116.40"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11623-017-0819-7"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-42019-6_11"},{"key":"ref37","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hyperledger Project"},{"key":"ref36","year":"2018","journal-title":"MultiChain - Open Platform for Building Blockchains"},{"key":"ref35","year":"2018","journal-title":"GemOS The Blockchain Operating System"},{"key":"ref34","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ethereum- blockchain app platform"},{"key":"ref28","author":"ream","year":"2016","journal-title":"Upgrading blockchains Smart contract use cases in industry"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"43","author":"chawathe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clustering Blockchain Data"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"The idea of smart contracts","author":"szabo","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2017.08.020"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Analysis of the XRP ledger consensus protocol","author":"chase","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv 1802 00420"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2842460"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2829141"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3132747.3132757"},{"key":"ref101","article-title":"Unmanned aerial vehicle data management","author":"kumar","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SPW.2015.27"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RED-UAS.2017.8101648"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3035918.3064033"},{"key":"ref50","article-title":"Distributed uplink offloading for IoT in 5G heterogeneous networks under private information constraints","author":"kure","year":"0","journal-title":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal"},{"key":"ref51","article-title":"Blockchains in mobile networks","author":"langberg","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2018.2813422"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCC.2016.79"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2815638"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NOMS.2018.8406249"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1700041"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1700714"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2746186"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-94478-4_21"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s102070100002"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AICCSA.2016.7945805"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-016-0456-1"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2018.05.046"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2017.10.006"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2886932"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2017.2740458"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2842685"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18082575"},{"key":"ref46","author":"saracco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Let's Start Talking about 6G!"},{"key":"ref45","author":"eggerton","year":"2018","journal-title":"FCC’s Rosenworcel Talks Up 6G"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-76207-4_11"},{"key":"ref47","author":"gatherer","year":"2018","journal-title":"What Will Be"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2017.4121227"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2016.2566339"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.telpol.2017.04.003"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIN.2015.7073830"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3178876.3186046"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JRF-03-2017-0059"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-72150-7_14"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2019.1800376"},{"key":"ref73","article-title":"How blockchain is changing finance","volume":"1","author":"tapscott","year":"2017","journal-title":"Harvard Bus Rev"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/isaf.1424"},{"key":"ref129","author":"vermeulen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bitcoin and Ethereum vs Visa and PayPal Transactions Per Second"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-93931-5_28"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-53357-4_8"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2894573"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEM.2017.8290114"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2018.446"},{"key":"ref77","first-page":"1","article-title":"An agri-food supply chain traceability system for China based on RFID & blockchain technology","author":"tian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Service Syst Service Manage (ICSSSM)"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2017.12.005"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2900987"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-47854-7_33"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/BFJ-07-2017-0365"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2976749.2978389"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-95165-2_2"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-com.2017.0619"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2750180"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2018.1700146"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1701095"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2018.2866365"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2017.1600078"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2876298"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2894851"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2846644"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PERCOMW.2017.7917634"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2017.1351644"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2017.49"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconbus.2018.04.001"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2019.1800411"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2017.29"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2875542"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2694844"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2017.2709784"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2683200"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2018.1700344"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4313475"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2836144"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1600863"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2881246"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2018.2876804"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2887086"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2888553"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2019.23252"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2778185"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2016.05.008"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1701092"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2016.7470933"},{"key":"ref97","article-title":"Unmanned aerial vehicle delivery system","author":"kimchi","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIE.2011.943023"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icte.2017.12.005"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2751586"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IECON.2017.8217061"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2017.1600398"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1600363CM"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2991561.2998465"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2012.12.018"},{"key":"ref82","first-page":"3690","article-title":"Consortium blockchain for secure energy trading in industrial Internet of Things","volume":"14","author":"li","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Ind Informat"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMPSAC.2016.2"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2724845"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2018.03.010"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJWGS.2018.095647"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18010162"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCGRID.2017.8"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"173","article-title":"Practical Byzantine fault tolerance","volume":"99","author":"miguel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc 3rd Symp Operating Syst Design Implementation"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2016.2616861"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2018.10.002"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2017.2781227"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2019.05.019"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2897792"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/popets-2018-0025"},{"key":"ref120","first-page":"36","article-title":"Improving the traceability of the clinical trial supply chain","volume":"26","author":"glover","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl Clin Trials"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCCN.2018.8487349"},{"key":"ref121","author":"huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"RepChain A Reputation Based Secure Fast and High Incentive Blockchain System Via Sharding"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4030209"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE.2018.00079"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2016.7389829"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCC.2018.011791712"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-018-0982-x"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3224207.3224220"}],"container-title":["IEEE Internet of Things Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6488907\/8863548\/08731639.pdf?arnumber=8731639","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T21:09:14Z","timestamp":1657746554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8731639\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"references-count":132,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jiot.2019.2920987","relation":{},"ISSN":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2327-4662","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2372-2541","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}}}