{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T18:12:51Z","timestamp":1776103971340,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647302400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647302400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Internet Things J."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/jiot.2021.3103275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T20:44:37Z","timestamp":1628541877000},"page":"4371-4384","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["A Lightweight and Attack-Proof Bidirectional Blockchain Paradigm for Internet of Things"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0819-7269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenhao","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Deakin Blockchain Innovation Lab, School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2944-4647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youyang","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deakin Blockchain Innovation Lab, School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5215-7443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom H.","family":"Luan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2313-8603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter W.","family":"Eklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3545-7863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deakin Blockchain Innovation Lab, School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3026-7537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Longxiang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deakin Blockchain Innovation Lab, School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2020.3007817"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.2977383"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2020.102839"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32604\/cmc.2020.011599"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32604\/cmc.2019.06279"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31209\/2018.100000052"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-2199-4_5"},{"key":"ref8","volume-title":"Double-spend counterattacks: Threat of retaliation in proof-of-work systems","author":"Moroz","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref9","volume-title":"Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System","author":"Nakamoto","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-020-01042-w"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-67816-0_17"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2019.101604"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32604\/cmc.2019.06173"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21103335"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10207-018-0422-4"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3318265.3318289"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2019.09.001"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-20901-7_2"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00145-019-09331-1"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EuroSP.2017.37"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3132747.3132757"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2976749.2978341"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2020.2977689"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCCNT45670.2019.8944615"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"129","article-title":"Eclipse attacks on bitcoin\u2019s peer-to-peer network","volume-title":"Proc. 24th USENIX Security Symp. (USENIX Security)","author":"Heilman"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/Blockchain50366.2020.00049"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc9381"},{"key":"ref28","volume-title":"The Pareto Principle","author":"Dunford","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csi.2007.08.004"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/Blockchain.2019.00083"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2487361"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2017.08.048"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3028449"},{"key":"ref34","volume-title":"A Survey of Solutions to the Sybil Attack","author":"Levine","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2020.101956"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-59013-0_28"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10922-020-09532-1"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCNC46108.2020.9045608"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2019.2901746"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2019.2900648"},{"key":"ref41","volume-title":"Bitnodes","author":"Yeow","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"32","article-title":"How many people use bitcoin in 2019","volume":"643","author":"Lielacher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bitcoin Market J."}],"container-title":["IEEE Internet of Things Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6488907\/9730117\/09509292.pdf?arnumber=9509292","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T22:47:53Z","timestamp":1705013273000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9509292\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jiot.2021.3103275","relation":{},"ISSN":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2327-4662","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2372-2541","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]}}}