{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:56:23Z","timestamp":1777704983604,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017610","name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RCBS20221008093248075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RCBS20221008093248075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017610","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017610","name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JSGG20220831095603007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSGG20220831095603007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017610","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"NSERC Discovery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN-2016-05310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2016-05310"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CREATE","award":["528125-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["528125-2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Internet Things J."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/jiot.2023.3300051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T17:39:28Z","timestamp":1690825168000},"page":"4029-4046","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A Secure Sidechain for Decentralized Trading in Internet of Things"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2114-3313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fangyu","family":"Gai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5253-941X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianyu","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0183-4536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad M.","family":"Jalalzai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1536-4534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Ali","family":"Tabatabaee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blockchain@UBC, Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6726-0259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IWQOS52092.2021.9521363"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v31i2.19102"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19020400"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1701065"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2011.6069707"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MITS.2016.2573178"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2016.2557459"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2020.3020092"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2882794"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.2990666"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3028101"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2908861"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2898900"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2946611"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2875542"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.2973651"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2949088"},{"key":"ref18","volume-title":"Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system","author":"Nakamoto","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref19","volume-title":"Ethereum: A secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger","author":"Wood","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3319535.3363213"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP40000.2020.00008"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"45","article-title":"Bitcoin-NG: A scalable blockchain protocol","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX Symp. Netw. Syst. Design Implement.","author":"Eyal"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICBC51069.2021.9461098"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2958077"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.2964162"},{"key":"ref26","volume-title":"Enabling blockchain innovations with pegged sidechains","author":"Back","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref27","volume-title":"Plasma: Scalable autonomous smart contracts","author":"Poon","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref28","volume-title":"Commit-chains: Secure, scalable off-chain payments","author":"Khalil","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref29","volume-title":"Minimal viable merged consensus","author":"Adler","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-46766-1_35"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2090236.2090263"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"173","article-title":"Practical Byzantine fault tolerance","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX Symp. Oper. Syst. Design Implement.","author":"Castro"},{"key":"ref33","volume-title":"DiemBFT","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref34","volume-title":"Flow platform","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3190508.3190538"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2020.24082"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"The latest gossip on BFT consensus","author":"Buchman","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv:1807.04938"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3293611.3331591"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3000048"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2810103.2813713"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3243734.3243856"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-32101-7_30"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2019.00020"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"777","article-title":"High throughput cryptocurrency routing in payment channel networks","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX Symp. Netw. Syst. Des. Implement.","author":"Sivaraman"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2019.23330"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2017.23086"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-43725-1_3"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2019.00040"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"Platypus: A partially synchronous offchain protocol for blockchains","author":"Pedrosa","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv:1907.03730"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCS47774.2020.00161"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-46803-6_10"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2016.55"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP40000.2020.00044"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44987-6_10"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SFFCS.1999.814584"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-44774-1_5"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-01804-6_4"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"305","article-title":"In search of an understandable consensus algorithm","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX Annu. Tech. Conf.","author":"Ongaro"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44647-8_31"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RELDIS.1995.526217"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2018.000-5"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24676-3_32"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3318041.3355461"},{"key":"ref64","first-page":"1353","article-title":"Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX Security Symp.","author":"Kalodner"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1753171.1753191"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-39200-9_26"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2959383"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.2994975"}],"container-title":["IEEE Internet of Things Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6488907\/10413935\/10197622.pdf?arnumber=10197622","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T07:52:18Z","timestamp":1706773938000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10197622\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jiot.2023.3300051","relation":{},"ISSN":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2327-4662","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2372-2541","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]}}}