{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T17:14:12Z","timestamp":1784135652619,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":153,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702598400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702598400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Funds through the FCT\/MCTES (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) through the CISTER Research Unit","award":["UIDP\/UIDB\/04234\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/UIDB\/04234\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Project ADANET","award":["PTDC\/EEICOM\/3362\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/EEICOM\/3362\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Project IBEX","award":["PTDC\/CCI-COM\/4280\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CCI-COM\/4280\/2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Internet Things J."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/jiot.2023.3302159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T17:27:38Z","timestamp":1691170058000},"page":"21855-21872","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Toward Ubiquitous Semantic Metaverse: Challenges, Approaches, and Opportunities"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0517-2392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Real-Time and Embedded Computing Systems Research Centre, Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5133-2791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Billy Pik Lik","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Tampines, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9167-1613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Productivity and Services Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4933-594X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Productivity and Services Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8972-8094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohsen","family":"Guizani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Machine Learning Department, Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9307-2120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chau","family":"Yuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Navigating the Metaverse: A Guide to Limitless Possibilities in a Web 3.0 World","author":"Hackl","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2021.9687532"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1946\/1\/012023"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2022.3231299"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.117.2200055"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-69911-0_5"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Semantic information market for the metaverse: An auction based approach","author":"Ismail","year":"2002","journal-title":"arXiv:2204.04878"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Stochastic resource allocation for semantic communication-aided virtual transportation networks in the metaverse","author":"Ng","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2208.14661"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2000604"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-021-08560-7"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2009.88"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3232565"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3213227"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.013.2100642"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mwc.018.2100716"},{"key":"ref16","volume-title":"Statistics for Spatio-Temporal Data","author":"Cressie","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2020.100206"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSC.2016.35"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2016.1600460CM"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mnet.107.2100627"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3202047"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Metaverse: Survey, applications, security, and opportunities","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2210.07990"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"A survey on metaverse: The state-of-the-art, technologies, applications, and challenges","author":"Ning","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2111.09673"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2022.3228314"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3241628"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3222521"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCS.2022.3206494"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2022.105581"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26599\/BDMA.2022.9020047"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3232845"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3223224"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.101.2100269"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/JCIN.2021.9663101"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"Semantic communications: Principles and challenges","author":"Qin","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2201.01389"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-022-10111-7"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"Engineering semantic communication: A survey","author":"Wheeler","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2208.06314"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"Semantics-empowered communication: A tutorial-cum-survey","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2212.08487"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Secure semantic communications: Fundamentals and challenges","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2301.01421"},{"key":"ref39","article-title":"Rethinking wireless communication security in semantic Internet of Things","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2210.04474"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.3902"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tcc.2023.3254587"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2022.3221991"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCWorkshops53468.2022.9814604"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2022.10.036"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/twc.2023.3240969"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2022.3221952"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2021.3136045"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2021.3087240"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC42927.2021.9500590"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2023.3236940"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2021.3132067"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM42002.2020.9322296"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"Semantic communications in multi-user wireless networks","author":"Mu","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2211.08932"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3200740"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-022-00549-6"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2022.3221999"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.004.2200050"},{"key":"ref58","article-title":"Edge computing for semantic communication enabled metaverse: An incentive mechanism design","author":"Luong","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2212.06463"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3208806.3208829"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM48099.2022.10000901"},{"key":"ref61","article-title":"Reinforcement learning-powered semantic communication via semantic similarity","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2108.12121"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2022.3227919"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEECONF56349.2022.10051974"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2022.3229021"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2018.06.021"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-09459-4"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3027474"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v30i1.10011"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2019.2963722"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOMW.2019.8845132"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2020.3002718"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/2353875"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IDCIoT56793.2023.10053548"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3517240"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-022-02075-6"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV45572.2020.9093598"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VRW50115.2020.00203"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PERCOM.2019.8767386"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2019.2947204"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.06.005"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-28231-2_35"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISC251055.2020.9239037"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BigDataCongress.2017.39"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3152465.3152473"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2021.3068644"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR48806.2021.9412346"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bdr.2022.100313"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21767\/2574-2825.100030"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/ICACT53585.2022.9728808"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-8979-9_7"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VR50410.2021.00052"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9998427"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOMW.2017.8116465"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISUVR.2012.22"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-50017-7_30"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3036968"},{"key":"ref97","article-title":"Enabling the wireless metaverse via semantic multiverse communication","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2212.06908"},{"key":"ref98","article-title":"Semantic sensing and communications for ultimate extended reality","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2212.08533"},{"key":"ref99","article-title":"Edge learning for B5G networks with distributed signal processing: Semantic communication, edge computing, and wireless sensing","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2206.00422"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/JCC.2022.08.001"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2021.107930"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICOSC.2015.7050819"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2001239"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-19408-6_8"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00287-012-0665-9"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-00179-6_17"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39351-8_19"},{"key":"ref108","first-page":"18","article-title":"HAWatcher: Semantics-aware anomaly detection for applied smart homes","volume-title":"Proc. 30th {USENIX} Security Symp. (USENIX Security)","author":"Fu"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2905275"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-8461-5_94"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2022.3173056"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dac.4515"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4108\/eai.11-9-2018.155482"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s16091501"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2015.130"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2019.05.004"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2019.1800611"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/IJWIS-05-2020-0027"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-0135-7_22"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-013-0453-z"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119764175.ch8"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-020-02136-2"},{"key":"ref123","first-page":"399","article-title":"Semantic modeling of smart healthcare data","volume-title":"Proc. Intell. Syst. Appl. Conf. (IntelliSys)","author":"Reda"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3248969"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-23983-1_11"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9731806"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2021.3066542"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2020.103179"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-34989-9_14"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/dce.2021.10"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPS49255.2021.9468219"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCE46568.2020.9043088"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app11125633"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000774"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22186749"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app12178543"},{"key":"ref137","first-page":"9","article-title":"Real-time building performance monitoring using semantic digital twins","volume-title":"Proc. 9th Data Archit. Construt. Work [Internet]","volume":"12","author":"Donkers"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3229370"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2022.104728"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3423323.3423415"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2020.10.044"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ETFA.2019.8868954"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPS49255.2021.9468204"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2020.08.003"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3365996"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3176739"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IWCMC51323.2021.9498853"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCS.2023.3260732"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.2100255"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3028368"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIE.2019.2940335"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2022.3228928"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2890999"}],"container-title":["IEEE Internet of Things Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6488907\/10353047\/10208153.pdf?arnumber=10208153","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T01:08:28Z","timestamp":1705021708000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10208153\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"references-count":153,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jiot.2023.3302159","relation":{},"ISSN":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2327-4662","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2372-2541","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]}}}