{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T07:20:12Z","timestamp":1772608812237,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"Business Finland through the Urisens Project","award":["1696\/31\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1696\/31\/2022"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland through the EHIR Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["13334487"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13334487"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Internet Things J."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/jiot.2025.3573459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T14:04:47Z","timestamp":1748268287000},"page":"31575-31587","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Urine-Powered Batteryless Sensor Node With Printed Harvesters and Sensors for Smart Diapers"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7425-2452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Tanweer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1508-0595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dipesh C.","family":"Monga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7801-4721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaurav","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0692-1359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liam","family":"Gillan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Circuits, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raimo","family":"Sepponen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7251-2895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I. Oguz","family":"Tanzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4385-9689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kari A. I.","family":"Halonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"The 2021 Ageing Report: Economic and Budgetary Projections for the EU Member States (2019-2070)","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"Adult Diaper Market: Global Market Size, Forecast, Insights, and Competitive Landscape","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DDECS.2019.8724639"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2011.6091361"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.02.057"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14624"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13864"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtv.2021.07.002"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13170"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.669070"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2024.3380890"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"1","article-title":"A design of smart diaper wet detector using wireless and computer","volume-title":"Proc. World Congr. Eng. Comput. Sci.","author":"Simik"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.1c01266"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2954746"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2933289"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics11071025","article-title":"Wearable and flexible humidity sensor integrated to disposable diapers for wetness monitoring and urinary incontinence","volume":"11","author":"Tekcin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWSYM.2004.1336073"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es400614y"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-044452745-5.00097-6","article-title":"PrimaryY batteries\u2014Aqueous system | Leclanch\u00e9 and zinc\u2013carbon","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources","author":"Kordesch","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1956.02970180065021"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1004941825193"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Composition and concentrative properties of human urine","author":"Putnam","year":"1971"},{"key":"ref23","volume-title":"Fundamental Electrochemistry: An Interactive E-Book With Quizzes in MyCourses Learning Platform","author":"Murtom\u00e4ki","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/2053-1613\/3\/1\/010301","article-title":"The OE\u2014A roadmap for organic and printed electronics: Creating a guidepost to complex interlinked technologies, applications and markets","volume":"3","author":"Kirchmeyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl. Mater. Res."},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"45","article-title":"Sustainable materials and processes for electronics, photonics and diagnostics","volume-title":"Proc. Electron. Goes Green","author":"Hakola"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5220\/0012424100003657"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-025-03887-5"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"Smart predictive analytics care monitoring model based on multi sensor IoT system: Management of diaper and attitude for the bedridden elderly","volume":"4","author":"Baek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sens. Int."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.14326\/abe.9.106","article-title":"Development of capacitive sensor for diaper absorption volume","volume":"9","author":"Konno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"3","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.3390\/bios12030164","article-title":"Self-powered wearable biosensor in a baby diaper for monitoring neonatal jaundice through a hydrovoltaic-biosensing coupling effect of ZnO nanoarray","volume":"12","author":"Ning","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-43135-7_23"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"414","volume-title":"Evaluation of Printed Coplanar Capacitive Sensors for Reliable Quantification of Fluids in Adult Diaper","author":"Tanweer","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/VLSIC.2017.8008532"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"HUSLAB\u2014Natrium, Vuorokausivirtsasta","volume-title":"Huslab.fi","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"dU-Kloridi (2077 dU-Cl)","volume-title":"FimLab","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315380476"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWSCAS54063.2022.9859347"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CICC.2006.320861"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS58744.2024.10558329"},{"key":"ref40","volume-title":"TPS7A10 300-mA, low VIN, low VOUT, ultra-low dropout regulator","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000135890.08541.02"},{"key":"ref42","volume-title":"How often should nursing homes change diapers (2023 update)","author":"Davani","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0034-7167-2018-0475"}],"container-title":["IEEE Internet of Things Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6488907\/11096042\/11015581.pdf?arnumber=11015581","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T21:33:49Z","timestamp":1764711229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11015581\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jiot.2025.3573459","relation":{},"ISSN":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2327-4662","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2372-2541","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]}}}