{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T14:50:00Z","timestamp":1784299800692,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":165,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763164800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763164800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"Postdoctoral Special Funding of Sichuan Province"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Internet Things J."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/jiot.2025.3601236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T18:31:09Z","timestamp":1755801069000},"page":"46294-46315","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Multimodal Sensing for Intelligent V2X: A Review of Recent Advances Toward Deployment"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4490-0516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kang","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7607-707X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ce","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119422464.ch6"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Study on LTE-based V2X services","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Study on evaluation methodology of new vehicle-to-everything (V2X) use cases for LTE and NR","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2019.100164"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2011.2132790"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eng2.12467"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2020.3044358"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2021.3057017"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Study on NR vehicle-to-everything (V2X)","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref10","volume-title":"Architecture Enhancements for 5G System (5GS) to Support Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Services","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2023.3247127"},{"key":"ref12","volume-title":"Service Requirements for Enhanced V2X Scenarios","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref13","volume-title":"5G-V2X direct communication evaluation approach: An automotive analysis","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/wamicon57636.2023.10124918"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/bec56180.2022.9935591"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Release 18 description; summary of Rel-18 work items","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2023.3249835"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2022.08.017"},{"key":"ref19","volume-title":"6G: The next horizon."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mvt.2019.2921208"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvt.2022.3169804"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/eucnc\/6gsummit58263.2023.10188371"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jsac.2022.3156632"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2016.2639038"},{"key":"ref25","volume-title":"Multi-modal beam prediction challenge 2022: Towards generalization","author":"Charan","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2023.3336917"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mnet.010.2100152"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jiot.2022.3190845"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2022.3149272"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jiot.2024.3361173"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jproc.2024.3397609"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/msp.2019.2907329"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2021.3122519"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jiot.2023.3235618"},{"key":"ref35","volume-title":"Interference management for integrated sensing and communication systems: A survey","author":"Niu","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mvt.2024.3373930"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mcomstd.001.2000047"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jiot.2022.3191386"},{"key":"ref39","volume-title":"A survey on integrated sensing and communication with intelligent metasurfaces: Trends, challenges, and opportunities","author":"Magbool","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mwsym.2003.1211013"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/twc.2010.092810.091092"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2013.2260813"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsp.2010.2043976"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jproc.2011.2131110"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jsac.2014.2328098"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tcomm.2020.2973976"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tits.2017.2749459"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18041212"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/taes.2019.2939611"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mwc.005.2200214"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tits.2022.3153815"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22155535"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icc.2019.8761312"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2020.3003286"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jsac.2020.3041383"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"1","article-title":"DeepMIMO: A generic deep learning dataset for millimeter wave and massive MIMO applications","volume-title":"Proc. Inf. Theory Appl. Workshop (ITA)","author":"Alkhateeb"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tcomm.2023.3330878"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tcomm.2021.3107947"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iccworkshops57953.2023.10283647"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","volume-title":"Sensing aided channel estimation in wideband millimeter-wave MIMO systems","author":"Mundlamuri","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCWorkshops57953.2023.10283636"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/pimrc.2017.8292679"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iccc52777.2021.9580311"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/twc.2022.3213541"},{"key":"ref64","first-page":"1","article-title":"CARLA: An open urban driving simulator","volume-title":"Proc. 1st Annu. Conf. Robot Learn.","author":"Dosovitskiy"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2019.2922064"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icc45041.2023.10278998"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mcom.006.2200730"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/twc.2020.3015735"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lcomm.2021.3098748"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/wcnc51071.2022.9771564"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/eusipco58844.2023.10289752"},{"key":"ref72","volume-title":"Deepsense-V2V: A vehicle-to-vehicle multi-modal sensing, localization, and communications dataset","author":"Morais","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jiot.2022.3176025"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tgcn.2023.3234721"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01249-6_23"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icip.2016.7533003"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icassp49357.2023.10096315"},{"key":"ref78","volume-title":"E-flash","author":"Gu","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ccdc52312.2021.9602645"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lwc.2019.2899571"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/spawc.2019.8815569"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lwc.2021.3099136"},{"key":"ref83","volume-title":"Communication-efficient learning of deep networks from decentralized data","author":"McMahan","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/wcnc51071.2022.9771835"},{"key":"ref85","volume-title":"Deep residual learning for image recognition","author":"He","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lcomm.2023.3270039"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvt.2022.3170733"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/vtc2023-fall60731.2023.10333631"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3653644.3680497"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3401686","volume-title":"Integrated sensing and communications towards proactive beamforming in mmWave V2I via multi-modal feature fusion (MMFF)","author":"Zhang","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/vtc2020-spring48590.2020.9128579"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ojcoms.2022.3162591"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2020.101133"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/gcwkshps56602.2022.10008702"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icc45855.2022.9838438"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/wcnc51071.2022.9771651"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ojcoms.2023.3239434"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvt.2021.3104219"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tnsm.2022.3216556"},{"key":"ref100","article-title":"YOLOv3: An incremental improvement.","author":"Redmon","year":"2018","journal-title":"arxiv.org\/abs\/1804.02767"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/wcnc55385.2023.10118675"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frcmn.2023.1130844"},{"key":"ref103","volume-title":"Proactive blockage prediction for UAV assisted handover in future wireless network","author":"Ahmad","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icnc59896.2024.10556062"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ieeeconf51394.2020.9443305"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/vtc2020-spring48590.2020.9129369"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jsac.2023.3280966"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.660"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tcomm.2024.3351748"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.81"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/cvpr.2016.91"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tcomm.2023.3274162"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/wcnc57260.2024.10570654"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jiot.2023.3251377"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/cvpr.2018.00418"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ita.2018.8503086"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364913491297"},{"key":"ref118","article-title":"nuScenes: A multimodal dataset for autonomous driving","author":"Caesar","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv:1903.11027"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lra.2022.3192802"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icra46639.2022.9812038"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvt.2020.3027636"},{"key":"ref122","volume-title":"ViWi vision-aided mmWave beam tracking: Dataset, task, and baseline solutions","author":"Alrabeiah","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-24031-7_20"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/jcc.fa.2023-0268.202311"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-025-05065-x"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mcom.002.2200028"},{"key":"ref127","volume-title":"Wireless insite 3-D wireless propagation software","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260060"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1778765.1778803"},{"key":"ref130","volume-title":"Sionna: An open-source library for next-generation physical layer research","author":"Hoydis","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref131","volume-title":"TensorFlow: Large-scale machine learning on heterogeneous systems","author":"Abadi","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2018.2865724"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2023.3344671"},{"key":"ref134","volume-title":"Ansys\u2013Engineering simulation software","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref135","volume-title":"Cognata\u2014Autonomous and ADAS vehicles simulation software","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref136","volume-title":"Simcenter Prescan software","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref137","volume-title":"Unreal Engine: The most powerful real-time 3-D creation tool","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref138","volume-title":"Unity real-time development platform\u20143-D, 2-D, VR & AR Engine","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref139","volume-title":"The blender project","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-67361-5_40"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/itsc45102.2020.9294422"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2019.2908651"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-12331-3_3"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/itsc.2018.8569938"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA46639.2022.9812276"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tiv.2024.3374044"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-12331-3_2"},{"key":"ref148","volume-title":"Deep Learning","author":"Goodfellow","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ccbd.2016.029"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iiswc.2018.8573476"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3578938"},{"key":"ref152","volume-title":"MobileNets: Efficient onvolutional neural networks for mobile vision applications","author":"Howard","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref153","volume-title":"EfficientNet: Rethinking model scaling for convolutional neural networks","author":"Tan","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/msp.2017.2765695"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-020-09816-7"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvt.2025.3582801"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2021.12.015"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tgcn.2023.3234263"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiixd.2024.02.006"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/itsc57777.2023.10422500"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mits.2022.3162886"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ojits.2024.3481328"},{"key":"ref163","volume-title":"Street activity sensors","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref164","article-title":"6G spectrum\u2014Enabling the future mobile life beyond 2030.","volume-title":"Ericsson","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2021.3130030"}],"container-title":["IEEE Internet of Things Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6488907\/11231115\/11133431.pdf?arnumber=11133431","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T18:11:56Z","timestamp":1762539116000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11133431\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]]},"references-count":165,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jiot.2025.3601236","relation":{},"ISSN":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2327-4662","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2372-2541","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]]}}}