{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T08:58:23Z","timestamp":1765961903052,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U2333211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2333211"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Internet Things J."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/jiot.2025.3611003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T17:32:20Z","timestamp":1758130340000},"page":"50818-50835","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dynamic Model Deployment, Batch Scheduling, and Resource Allocation in MLLM-Enabled Edge\u2013Cloud Networks: A Multiagent Two-Timescale DRL Approach"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2176-3931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hualong","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5293-0652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongkang","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1851-7185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenhan","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7721-7422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hancong","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4809-2234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yamin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Software Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yalan","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8605-0938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zitian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2025.3568637"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2024.3353265"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.121.2200089"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/cje.2021.00.323"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2023.3303404"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2024.3411008"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2024.3486728"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32604\/cmc.2024.051944"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCS60910.2024.00013"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM55648.2025.11044457"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpds.2025.3595801"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.2978830"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"LLaVA-OneVision: Easy visual task transfer","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2408.03326"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Ovis: Structural embedding alignment for multimodal large language model","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2405.20797"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3404811"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TETC.2024.3403874"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2024.3376377"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.1706.03762"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tmc.2025.3570851"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3384546"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3378418"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2022.3192882"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2025.3587979"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tmc.2025.3586793"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3497923"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2024.3415661"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3524255"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICWS62655.2024.00099"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCS60910.2024.00017"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3509628"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"1","article-title":"AdaptLink: A heterogeneity-aware adaptive framework for distributed MLLM inference","volume-title":"Proc. AAAI Workshop Artif. Intell. Wireless Commun. Netw. (AI4WCN)","author":"Hu"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"Bullet: Boosting GPU utilization for LLM serving via dynamic spatial\u2013temporal orchestration","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2504.19516"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"ModServe: Scalable and resource-efficient large multimodal model serving","author":"Qiu","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2502.00937"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1988.10478639"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Efficient LLM serving on hybrid real-time and best-effort requests","author":"Borui","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2504.09590"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2020.3032443"},{"volume-title":"Hugging Face\u2014The AI Community Building the Future","key":"ref37"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"MMIU: Multimodal multi-image understanding for evaluating large vision-language models","author":"Meng","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2408.02718"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.00913"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3600006.3613165"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3237209"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3430486"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/twc.2025.3587959"}],"container-title":["IEEE Internet of Things Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6488907\/11261327\/11168415.pdf?arnumber=11168415","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T18:44:03Z","timestamp":1763664243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11168415\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jiot.2025.3611003","relation":{},"ISSN":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2327-4662"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2372-2541"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]}}}