{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T03:47:36Z","timestamp":1783568856922,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2023YFB2504804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFB2504804"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U2336201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2336201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Internet Things J."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/jiot.2026.3670949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T20:45:22Z","timestamp":1772743522000},"page":"23876-23889","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Empowering IoT Security: Automated Identification of Standard Library Functions in RTOS Firmware With LLM and RAG"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5355-254X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhihan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6404-8853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-an","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0033-0969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zihan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4384-5786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weizhi","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Lancaster, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4098-7319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RTAS52030.2021.00009"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2024.104310"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JAS.2022.105860"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3296957.3177157"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3579856.3582818"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3427228.3427265"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3745019"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2019.23492"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"4283","article-title":"TYGR: Type inference on stripped binaries using graph neural networks","volume-title":"Proc. 33rd USENIX Secur. Symp. (USENIX Secur.)","author":"Zhu"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE-SEIP58684.2023.00031"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3564625.3567975"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2025.240276"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CyberC55534.2022.00024"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3579856.3582823"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3252594"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"4247","article-title":"Uncovering the limits of machine learning for automatic vulnerability detection","volume-title":"Proc. 33rd USENIX Secur. Symp. (USENIX Secur.)","author":"Risse"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"2099","article-title":"How machine learning is solving the binary function similarity problem","volume-title":"Proc. 31st USENIX Secur. Symp.","author":"Marcelli"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3597503.3639080"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3533767.3534367"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics11152446"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DSN48987.2021.00036"},{"key":"ref22","volume-title":"Diaphora","author":"Joxean","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42400-022-00121-0"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3650212.3652117"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2024.3411072"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3170927"},{"key":"ref27","volume-title":"Fast Library Acquisition for Identification and Recognition","author":"Guilfanov","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SANER.2015.7081836"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2022.3187689"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2024.107602"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2019.00003"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3133956.3134018"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3428293"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3702988"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3744746"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"Pop quiz! Can a large language model help with reverse engineering?","author":"Pearce","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2202.01142"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3658644.3670340"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2024.24401"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3711816"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jisa.2026.104390"},{"key":"ref41","volume-title":"Ghidra","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3637528.3671445"},{"key":"ref43","volume-title":"Cppreference","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3626772.3657878"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tbdata.2025.3618474"},{"key":"ref46","volume-title":"Zephyr Project","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref47","volume-title":"Model\u2014OpenAI API","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref48","article-title":"Gemini 2.5: Pushing the frontier with advanced reasoning, multimodality, long context, and next generation agentic capabilities","author":"Comanici","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2507.06261"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52202\/079017-1299"}],"container-title":["IEEE Internet of Things Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6488907\/11534158\/11421957.pdf?arnumber=11421957","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T19:56:34Z","timestamp":1779738994000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11421957\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jiot.2026.3670949","relation":{},"ISSN":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2327-4662","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2372-2541","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]}}}