{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T21:03:35Z","timestamp":1781211815511,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62473222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62473222"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Internet Things J."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/jiot.2026.3681760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T20:01:38Z","timestamp":1775592098000},"page":"27982-27994","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Performance Analysis and Evaluation of the Dual-Frequency Doppler Consistency Checking-Based GNSS Spoofing Detection for Autonomous Vehicles"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4319-1372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziheng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1411-8745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feifan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yimin","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7767-6661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingquan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5944-7160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Understanding GPS\/GNSS: Principles and Applications","author":"Kaplan","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3043716"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3130054"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3429111"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"3591","article-title":"Evaluation of smart grid and civilian UAV vulnerability to GPS spoofing attacks","volume-title":"Proc. 25th Int. Tech. Meeting Satellite Division Inst. Navigat. (ION GNSS)","author":"Shepard"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2016.2526658"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSPEC.2016.7524168"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rob.21513"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22041487"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2023.3264193"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33012\/2020.17687"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"931","article-title":"Drift with devil: Security of multi-sensor fusion based localization in high-level autonomous driving under GPS spoofing","volume-title":"Proc. 29th USENIX Secur. Symp. (USENIX Security)","author":"Shen"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/navi.183"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics11050801"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2914477"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2022.3174406"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2022.3230781"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2024.3401856"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2017.2739924"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2021.3083414"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSIDP62679.2024.10868403"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CIS.2017.00074"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22072608"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app12031386"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33012\/2023.18631"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2022.3197817"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIV.2023.3335356"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2822264"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2022.09.375"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2025.3535819"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3359300"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2875948"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2021.3102753"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10291-024-01643-5"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3413954"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2161-4296.1988.tb00955.x"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2161-4296.1988.tb00975.x"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33093\/jetap.2024.6.1.13"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6501\/ad7627"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10291-019-0922-3"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3300538"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10291-014-0407-3"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2022.3204944"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MAES.2020.3040491"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-1249-7_32"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"2314","article-title":"Assessing the spoofing threat: Development of a portable GPS civilian spoofer","volume-title":"Proc. 21st Int. Techn. Meeting Satellite Div. Inst. Navig. (ION GNSS)","author":"Humphreys"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"2646","article-title":"An evaluation of the vestigial signal defense for civil GPS anti-spoofing","volume-title":"Proc. 24th Int. Tech. Meeting Satell. Division Inst. Navig.","author":"Wesson"},{"key":"ref48","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing, Volume II: Detection Theory","author":"Kay","year":"1998"}],"container-title":["IEEE Internet of Things Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6488907\/11554150\/11475697.pdf?arnumber=11475697","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T20:03:32Z","timestamp":1781208212000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11475697\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jiot.2026.3681760","relation":{},"ISSN":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2327-4662","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2372-2541","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]}}}