{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T21:05:46Z","timestamp":1783976746201,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"Major Science and Technology Project of Liaoning Province of China","award":["[2025]77(3)-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[2025]77(3)-1"]}]},{"name":"Major Science and Technology Project of Liaoning Province of China","award":["2024JH1\/11700049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JH1\/11700049"]}]},{"name":"Major Science and Technology Project of Liaoning Province of China","award":["2025JH1\/11700021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JH1\/11700021"]}]},{"name":"Applied Basic Research Program of Liaoning Province","award":["[2025]64(12)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[2025]64(12)"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005047","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023-MSLH-273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-MSLH-273"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Liaoning Province","award":["2023JH1\/10400082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JH1\/10400082"]}]},{"name":"Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Platform Program","award":["[2022]36"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[2022]36"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Internet Things J."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/jiot.2026.3685605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T19:50:33Z","timestamp":1776801033000},"page":"31240-31254","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["PREMADC: Protocol Reverse Engineering via Multiagent Analysis and Deep Clustering for Industrial Control Protocols"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0084-2775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuejun","family":"Zong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Information Security for Petrochemical Industry in Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0318-6819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinxu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Information Security for Petrochemical Industry in Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4152-6370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Information Security for Petrochemical Industry in Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Information Security for Petrochemical Industry in Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lian","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Information Security for Petrochemical Industry in Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Information Security for Petrochemical Industry in Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Information Security for Petrochemical Industry in Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4553-9096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bowei","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Modbus Specification","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"S7Communication Specification","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"EthernetIP\/CIP Specification","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNP.2016.7784407"},{"key":"ref5","volume-title":"An Overview of Protocol Reverse-Engineering","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2840724"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref7","first-page":"653","article-title":"An automated method of unknown protocol fuzzing test","volume":"43","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. J. Comput."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1631\/FITEE.2000709"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref9","first-page":"862","article-title":"Autonomous planning and processing framework for complex tasks based on large language models","volume":"50","author":"Qin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Autom. Sinica"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"1095","article-title":"Network protocol analysis using bioinformatics algorithms","volume-title":"Proc. Toorcon","author":"Beddoe"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Discoverer: Automatic protocol reverse engineering from network traces","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX Secur. Symp.","author":"Cui"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-1747-7_12"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TrustCom.2013.21"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2905353"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CIS.2016.0076"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2021.24531"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/bxae096"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNP.2012.6459963"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3690407.3690516"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCEA62105.2024.10603581"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3325391"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2024.3468350"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3627106.3627179"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2025.103174"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE48619.2023.00128"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.acl-long.336"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2025.lm4uc-1.7"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.emnlp-industry.59"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"CellAgent: An LLM-driven multi-agent framework for automated single-cell data analysis","author":"Xiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2407.09811"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-61589-4_20"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"LaMDA: Language models for dialog applications","author":"Thoppilan","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2201.08239"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"GPT-4 technical report","author":"Achiam","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2303.08774"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"ProveRAG: Provenance-driven vulnerability analysis with automated retrieval-augmented LLMs","author":"Fayyazi","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2410.17406"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BigData59044.2023.10386116"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CICN63059.2024.10847404"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics14101931"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"847","article-title":"PentestGPT: Evaluating and harnessing large language models for automated penetration testing","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX Secur.","author":"Deng"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HPCC-DSS-SmartCity-DependSys60770.2023.00045"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2024.24556"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iwqos65803.2025.11143461"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"Decoding BACnet packets: A large language model approach for packet interpretation","author":"Sharma","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2407.15428"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"LLMPot: Automated LLM-based industrial protocol and physical process emulation for ICS honeypots","author":"Vasilatos","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2405.05999"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.emnlp-main.552"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diin.2017.06.005"},{"key":"ref45","volume-title":"Packet-GE-SRTP: Wireshark Dissector for GE-FANUC Service Request Transfer Protocol","year":"2026"}],"container-title":["IEEE Internet of Things Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6488907\/11599885\/11488986.pdf?arnumber=11488986","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T20:06:04Z","timestamp":1783973164000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11488986\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jiot.2026.3685605","relation":{},"ISSN":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2327-4662","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2372-2541","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]}}}