{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T17:31:16Z","timestamp":1781976676970,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]],"date-time":"2009-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proc. IEEE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/jproc.2008.2008853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,19]],"date-time":"2009-03-19T19:20:04Z","timestamp":1237490404000},"page":"427-450","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1016,"title":["Cooperative Localization in Wireless Networks"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Henk","family":"Wymeersch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Lien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moe Z.","family":"Win","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2005.863881","article-title":"ultrawide bandwidth signals as shot-noise: a unifying approach","volume":"24","author":"ridolfi","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Areas Commun"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2008.050551"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/4234.718491"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/4234.660801"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2008.080419"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"1","article-title":"the effect of cooperation on localization systems using uwb experimental data","volume":"2008","author":"dardari","year":"2008","journal-title":"EURASIP J Appl Signal Process (Special Issue on Wireless Cooperative Networks)"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/ASP\/2006\/32082","article-title":"time of arrival estimation for uwb localizers in realistic environments","volume":"2006","author":"falsi","year":"2006","journal-title":"EURASIP J Appl Signal Process (Special Issue on Wireless Location Technologies and Applications)"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2006.883983"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2002.801228"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2002.805031"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2002.805030"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/26.843135"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2008.4560210"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICUWB.2007.4380957"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSSTA.2008.125"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2007.722"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2002.805060"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2008.2008846"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2007.06020050"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/4234.660796"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2004.1341264"},{"key":"ref25","year":"2006","journal-title":"GPS Principles and Applications"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/040621600"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2006.872082"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/984622.984632"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2006.879312"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SPAWC.2005.1506273"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SPAWC.2006.346399"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"2037","article-title":"locationing in distributed ad-hoc wireless sensor networks","volume":"4","author":"savarese","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Acoust Speech Signal Process"},{"key":"ref54","author":"priyantha","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anchor-free distributed localization in sensor networks"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-1286(03)00356-6"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-36268-1_12"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2005.856196"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/570738.570751"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2007.1041"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"697","article-title":"surfing the next wave: design and implementation challenges of ubiquitous computing environments","volume":"13","author":"lyytinen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Commun Assoc Inf Syst"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/98.878533"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSPEC.2003.1235625"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBOT.2003.1241702"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/958491.958498"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2005.1458275"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"location, location, location: performance bounds and algorithms for cooperative localization in uwb networks","author":"wymeersch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc 36th Annu IEEE Commun Theory Workshop"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2008.2008778"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.2006.254056"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2005.1458287"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2005.853809"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2006.887509"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2007.348323"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2007.05748"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-007-0034-9"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008935410038"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364904045479"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.1979.1101943"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2007.900636"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2005JE002483"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1029102.1029110"},{"key":"ref71","author":"how","year":"0"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016735301732"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSSE.2007.4294528"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOM.2005.1497888"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-39959-3_12","article-title":"location-aware information delivery with commotion","author":"marmasse","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc 2nd Int l Handheld and Ubiquitous Comp Symp"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OCEANS.1970.1160922"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MAES.2005.1514768"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2006.11.018"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/98.626982"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/35.667411"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2002.1018015"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:AURO.0000032936.24187.41"},{"key":"ref62","volume":"1","author":"van trees","year":"1968","journal-title":"Detection Estimation and Modulation Theory"},{"key":"ref61","article-title":"distributed positioning algorithm for ad-hoc networks","author":"di stefano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int Workshop Ultra Wideband Systems (IWUWBS)"},{"key":"ref63","author":"mackay","year":"2003","journal-title":"Information Theory Inference and Learning Algorithms"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/18.910572"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2004.1267047"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511619199"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/941351.941354"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/778415.778439"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2005.1458289"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1062689.1062715"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2005.1458284"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1234822.1234823"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/18.910573"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SUTC.2006.1636173"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2005.850085"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA363774","author":"fox","year":"1999","journal-title":"A Monte Carlo algorithm for multi-robot localization"},{"key":"ref93","author":"minka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Divergence measures and message passing"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1138127.1138129"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471200611"},{"key":"ref105","first-page":"317","article-title":"robust positioning algorithms for distributed ad-hoc wireless sensor networks","author":"savarese","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc General Track 2002 USENIX Annu Tech Conf"},{"key":"ref91","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Standard for Information TechnologyTelecommunications and Information Exchange Between SystemsLocal and Metropolitan Area NetworksSpecific Requirement Part 15 4 Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2004.1336724"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/ASP.2005.397"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICON.2006.302647"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2002.1188075"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/UWBST.2003.1267868"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2005.844145"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2007\/86031"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/78.978374"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.1987.1146600"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089976601750541769"},{"key":"ref97","year":"2001","journal-title":"Particle Filters for Mobile Robot Localization"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bioeng.5.040202.121653"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/UWBST.2003.1267866"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.1995.480990"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSPEC.2003.1209608"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2005.843548"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1155\/S1110865703212063","article-title":"a self-localization method for wireless sensor networks","volume":"2003","author":"moses","year":"2003","journal-title":"EURASIP J Appl Signal Process"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETEC.1998.686556"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/027836402128964611"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOM.2000.832252"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2006.1613745"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2003.1228524"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETECS.2006.1682907"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00069-8"},{"key":"ref84","first-page":"160","article-title":"performance evaluation of indoor localization techniques based on rf power measurements from active or passive devices","volume":"2006","author":"de luca","year":"2006","journal-title":"EURASIP J Appl Signal Process"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IWWAN.2004.1525602"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2007.564"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1007\/11428572_8","article-title":"place lab: device positioning using radio beacons in the wild","volume":"3468","author":"lamarca","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Pervasive Comput Commun"},{"key":"ref114","year":"2002","journal-title":"Revision of Part 15 of the Commission's rules regarding ultra-wideband transmission systems First report and order"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2002.801228"},{"key":"ref116","author":"bilmes","year":"1998","journal-title":"A Gentle Tutorial of the EM Algorithm and Its Application to Parameter Estimation for Gaussian Mixture and Hidden Markov Models"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/35.983917"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/79.543975"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETECF.2003.1285996"},{"key":"ref89","article-title":"nlos identification and weighted least-squares localization for uwb systems using multipath channel statistics","volume":"2008","author":"gven","year":"2008","journal-title":"EURASIP J Adv Signal Process"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WPMC.2002.1088180"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rob.20119"},{"key":"ref123","author":"botev","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nonparametric density estimation via diffusion mixing"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/UWBST.2004.1321004"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICU.2005.1570005"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICU.2005.1570063"},{"key":"ref88","first-page":"1571","article-title":"nlos identification and mitigation for uwb localization systems","author":"gven","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Wireless Commun Networking Conf"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the IEEE"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx5\/5\/4802183\/04802193.pdf?arnumber=4802193","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T00:00:30Z","timestamp":1633910430000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/4802193\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"references-count":131,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jproc.2008.2008853","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9219","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]}}}