{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T08:06:57Z","timestamp":1773475617565,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":130,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]],"date-time":"2011-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1301616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proc. IEEE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/jproc.2010.2098351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,28]],"date-time":"2011-01-28T19:46:48Z","timestamp":1296244008000},"page":"540-555","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":253,"title":["State of the Art in Stereoscopic and Autostereoscopic Displays"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"H","family":"Urey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"K V","family":"Chellappan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E","family":"Erden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P","family":"Surman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/129888.129892"},{"key":"ref38","year":"0","journal-title":"LightSpeed"},{"key":"ref33","year":"2008","journal-title":"Composite dual LCD panel display suitable for three dimensional imaging"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420054989","article-title":"Review of wire grid polarizer and retarder for stereoscopic display","volume":"7237","author":"lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc SPIEInt Soc Opt Eng"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.706214"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.766121"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/2.391040"},{"key":"ref36","author":"chinnock","year":"2009","journal-title":"3D Coming Home in 2010"},{"key":"ref35","year":"0","journal-title":"PG-D45X3D"},{"key":"ref34","author":"brubaker","year":"2009","journal-title":"3D and 3D Screen Technology"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1889\/1.3256575"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1889\/1.3069640"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1889\/1.2433646"},{"key":"ref20","year":"2009","journal-title":"Zscreen modulator with wire grid polarizer for stereoscopic projection"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.47.001535"},{"key":"ref21","year":"2009","journal-title":"Enhanced Zscreen modulator techniques"},{"key":"ref24","year":"0"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1889\/JSID17.7.603"},{"key":"ref101","first-page":"141","article-title":"Head tracking stereoscopic display","author":"schwartz","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Display Res Conf"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"180","article-title":"Novel 3D stereoscopic imaging technology","volume":"2177","author":"faris","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc SPIEInt Soc Opt Eng"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.307163"},{"key":"ref25","year":"2010","journal-title":"LG Electronics Thinks Outside of the Box Unveils World's First Full HD 3D Projector"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1889\/1.1833916"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.39.003209"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"187","article-title":"Observer-tracking autostereoscopic 3D display systems","volume":"3012","author":"woodgate","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc SPIEInt Soc Opt Eng"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JDT.2006.879846"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.displa.2004.07.004"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.1992.1.1.45","article-title":"A computational model for the stereoscopic optics of a head-mounted display","volume":"1","author":"robinett","year":"1992","journal-title":"Presence Teleoper Virtual Environ"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISAR.2000.880925"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1889\/1.1987395"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.34.001642"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"Stereoscopic see-through retinal projection head-mounted display","volume":"6803","author":"takahashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc SPIEInt Soc Opt Eng"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"96","article-title":"Emerging from the CAVE: Collaboration in ultra high resolution environments","author":"leigh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc of the 1st Int Symposium on Universal Commun"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"1811","article-title":"Analysis on the optimized depth of 3D Displays without an accommodation error","author":"choi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dig Int Meeting Inf Display"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.17.015716"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0470022736.ch12"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/8.3.33"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"354","article-title":"Ghosting in anaglyphic stereoscopic images","author":"woods","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proceedings Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.18.011562"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/andp.18531660914"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03181917"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.60427"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2009.2028013"},{"key":"ref48","year":"0","journal-title":"SensicsLightweight panoramic head-mounted displays"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.37.004183"},{"key":"ref42","year":"1962","journal-title":"Sensorama simulator"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-9382(96)01040-2"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VRAIS.1993.380774"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/38.963459"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4108\/ICST.IMMERSCOM2009.6238"},{"key":"ref126","year":"0","journal-title":"Hitachi Shows 10 Glasses-Free 3D Display"},{"key":"ref125","first-page":"1","author":"okui","year":"2007","journal-title":"New Integral Imaging Technique Uses Projector"},{"key":"ref124","first-page":"154","article-title":"Hologram-like video images by 45-view stereoscopic display","volume":"3012","author":"kajiki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc SPIEInt Soc Opt Eng"},{"key":"ref73","article-title":"Advances in lenticular lens arrays for visual display","volume":"5874","author":"johnson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc SPIEInt Soc Opt Eng"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3220","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.34.003220","article-title":"Autostereoscopic three-dimensional projector based on two parallax barriers","volume":"34","author":"tao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Opt Lett"},{"key":"ref129","article-title":"Ghosting in anaglyphic stereoscopic images","author":"woods","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems II"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2007.70627"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.44.004930"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.820313"},{"key":"ref76","article-title":"Switchable lenticular based 2D\/3D displays","volume":"6490","author":"de boer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc SPIEInt Soc Opt Eng"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30126-4_34","article-title":"New methods to produce high quality color anaglyphs for 3-D visualization","author":"ideses","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Image Anal Recognit"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2007.905377"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.384437"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2159012"},{"key":"ref78","author":"gmbh","year":"0","journal-title":"NewSight 8 4 Multiview Display ADE"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.596849"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.820169"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.48.003446"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.685320"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.703087"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.41.006907"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.688879"},{"key":"ref66","first-page":"31","article-title":"New autostereoscopic display system","volume":"2409","author":"ezra","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc SPIEInt Soc Opt Eng"},{"key":"ref67","first-page":"153","article-title":"Flat-panel autostereoscopic displays: Characterization and enhancement","volume":"3957","author":"woodgate","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc SPIEInt Soc Opt Eng"},{"key":"ref68","first-page":"15","article-title":"2D\/3D switchable displays","volume":"85","author":"jacobs","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sharp Tech J"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"1","author":"lelyveld","year":"0","journal-title":"Basic Visual Perception Concepts Related to 3D Content"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.430813"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/79.768575"},{"key":"ref109","article-title":"Large holographic displays as an alternative to stereoscopic displays","volume":"6803","author":"hussler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc SPIEInt Soc Opt Eng"},{"key":"ref95","author":"okoshi","year":"1976","journal-title":"Three Dimensional Imaging Techniques"},{"key":"ref108","author":"gmbh","year":"0","journal-title":"SeeFront 3D Displays"},{"key":"ref94","first-page":"319","article-title":"Full-color stereoscopic video pickup and display technique without special glasses","volume":"3014","author":"ichinose","year":"1989","journal-title":"SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers"},{"key":"ref107","year":"0","journal-title":"Free2C Desktop Display"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.430814"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.274454"},{"key":"ref92","year":"2002","journal-title":"Autostereoscopic display system"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.307165"},{"key":"ref91","author":"hattori","year":"0","journal-title":"Sea Phone 3D Display"},{"key":"ref104","first-page":"196","article-title":"Recent advances in the NYU autostereoscopic display","volume":"4297","author":"perlin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc SPIEInt Soc Opt Eng"},{"key":"ref90","first-page":"31","article-title":"New autostereoscopic display system","volume":"2409","author":"ezra","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc SPIEInt Soc Opt Eng"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.430818"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.173869"},{"key":"ref111","first-page":"492","article-title":"Laser scanning 3D display with dynamic exit pupil","author":"kishore","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc 29th Int Display Res Conf"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/3DTV.2008.4547833"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1889\/1.2953481"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1464-4258\/1\/1\/013"},{"key":"ref99","first-page":"135","article-title":"Study on a stereoscopic display system employing eye-position tracking for multi-viewers","volume":"2177","author":"tetsutani","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc SPIEInt Soc Opt Eng"},{"key":"ref96","first-page":"56","article-title":"3D-TV projection display system with head tracking","author":"tetsutani","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc Jpn Display"},{"key":"ref97","first-page":"293","article-title":"Autostereoscopic teleconferencing system","volume":"3957","author":"harman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc SPIEInt Soc Opt Eng"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30126-4_34","volume":"3212","author":"ideses","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Image Anal Recognit"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1088\/1464-4258\/7\/12\/008","article-title":"Three methods that improve the visual quality of colour anaglyphs","volume":"7","author":"ideses","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Opt A Pure Appl Opt"},{"key":"ref12","year":"0","journal-title":"iZ3D"},{"key":"ref13","year":"2004","journal-title":"Method for recording and viewing stereoscopic images in color using multichrome filters"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1889\/JSID17.5.407"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.766118"},{"key":"ref118","author":"cameron","year":"0","journal-title":"Collaborative Autostereo 3D Display System"},{"key":"ref16","year":"0","journal-title":"DaLite"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.11.000927"},{"key":"ref117","year":"2001","journal-title":"Method and apparatus for displaying three-dimensional images"},{"key":"ref17","year":"1981","journal-title":"Stereoscopic television system"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.384446"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2437731"},{"key":"ref84","year":"0","journal-title":"Sharp Laboratories of Europe"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/3DTV.2007.4379448"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00268948408071693"},{"key":"ref83","first-page":"84","article-title":"Image preparation for 3D LCD","volume":"3639","author":"van berkel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc SPIEInt Soc Opt Eng"},{"key":"ref114","first-page":"11\/1","article-title":"Human factors of 3DTV: An overview of current research at Heinrich-Hertz-Institut Berlin","author":"pastoor","year":"1992","journal-title":"IEE Colloq Stereoscopic Television"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LEOS.2009.5343494"},{"key":"ref116","year":"0","journal-title":"3D Displays"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.528932"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2006.870684"},{"key":"ref120","year":"0","journal-title":"Real 3D Display"},{"key":"ref89","article-title":"A prototype 3D mobile phone equipped with a next-generation autostereoscopic display","volume":"6490","author":"flack","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc SPIEInt Soc Opt Eng"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2007.911522"},{"key":"ref122","first-page":"145","article-title":"Large-CRT holoform display","author":"tilton","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Display Res Conf"},{"key":"ref123","first-page":"1443","article-title":"Flat panel time multiplexed autostereoscopic display using an optical wedge waveguide","author":"moller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc 11th Int Display Workshop"},{"key":"ref85","year":"0","journal-title":"3dphone Project"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1889\/1.3256529"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1889\/1.3500409"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4108\/ICST.IMMERSCOM2009.6238"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the IEEE"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx5\/5\/5733920\/05701756.pdf?arnumber=5701756","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,10]],"date-time":"2021-10-10T23:46:02Z","timestamp":1633909562000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/5701756\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"references-count":130,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jproc.2010.2098351","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9219","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-2256","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]}}}