{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T19:40:29Z","timestamp":1782848429600,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":384,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"Special Centennial Issue","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]],"date-time":"2012-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proc. IEEE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/jproc.2012.2190174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,25]],"date-time":"2012-05-25T16:50:46Z","timestamp":1337964646000},"page":"1604-1643","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Optics and Photonics: Key Enabling Technologies"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Alan E.","family":"Willner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Byer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constance J.","family":"Chang-Hasnain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen R.","family":"Forrest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Kressel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herwig","family":"Kogelnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo J.","family":"Tearney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles H.","family":"Townes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michalis N.","family":"Zervas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref365","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OPN.22.3.000030"},{"key":"ref275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.36.004290"},{"key":"ref364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2007.203"},{"key":"ref274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.14.000146"},{"key":"ref363","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00107510110116051"},{"key":"ref277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JQE.1983.1071766"},{"key":"ref362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OPEX.13.003777"},{"key":"ref276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2003.823106"},{"key":"ref361","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.82.1793"},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2006.885787"},{"key":"ref360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1126\/science.259.5101.1581","article-title":"Coherent control of quantum dynamics: The dream is alive","volume":"259","author":"warren","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2007.89"},{"key":"ref273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2010.203"},{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1061738"},{"key":"ref272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2005.860164"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1079280","article-title":"Photonic crystal fibres","volume":"299","author":"russell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01940"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2003.821258"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04210"},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl102149y"},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0268-1242\/26\/1\/014043"},{"key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1143\/JJAP.43.L673"},{"key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OPEX.12.001622"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2141"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.15.003169"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.815164"},{"key":"ref38","author":"injeyan","year":"2011","journal-title":"High-Power Laser Handbook"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4018(85)90120-8"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAB.3.000125"},{"key":"ref359","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OPN.15.9.000032"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1969.7276"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1655222"},{"key":"ref357","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.85.2733"},{"key":"ref267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2008.2006457","article-title":"A 3 MPixel multi-aperture image sensor with 0.7<ref_formula><tex Notation=\"TeX\">$\\mu$<\/tex><\/ref_formula>m pixels in 0.11<ref_formula> <tex Notation=\"TeX\">$\\mu$<\/tex><\/ref_formula>m CMOS","author":"fife","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dig Tech Papers IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.239.4841.742"},{"key":"ref358","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.95.137404"},{"key":"ref268","year":"1997","journal-title":"Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Crops 20002035"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.90253"},{"key":"ref355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2998981"},{"key":"ref269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2007.3"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1200292"},{"key":"ref356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.18.024679"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.81.163"},{"key":"ref352","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optmat.2003.09.012"},{"key":"ref288","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.314.5806.1674"},{"key":"ref351","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.815164"},{"key":"ref287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/89997"},{"key":"ref354","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2006.885258"},{"key":"ref286","first-page":"4264","article-title":"Tumor angiogenesis and interstitial hypertension","volume":"56","author":"boucher","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTQE.2005.850241"},{"key":"ref285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07434"},{"key":"ref284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(95)80230-4"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1984.12943"},{"key":"ref283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.3.000339"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.16.004309"},{"key":"ref350","author":"ion","year":"2005","journal-title":"Laser Processing of Engineering Materials Principles Procedure and Industrial Application"},{"key":"ref282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12606215"},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2321027"},{"key":"ref280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1153529","article-title":"Three-dimensional super-resolution imaging by stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy","volume":"319","author":"huang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.15.000430"},{"key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2006.885782"},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JQE.1987.1073206"},{"key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2009.2014298"},{"key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2010.119"},{"key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2010.179"},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.17.022484"},{"key":"ref186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el:20072253"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.13.000353"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1961.tb01625.x"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2006.42"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.36.1170"},{"key":"ref348","article-title":"Power scaling of SM fiber lasers toward 10 kW","author":"o'connor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc CLEO"},{"key":"ref20","author":"townes","year":"2002","journal-title":"How The Laser Happened"},{"key":"ref349","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1194863","article-title":"High power fiber lasers","volume":"332","author":"nilsson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.7.118"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Special millennium issue","volume":"6","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Topics Quantum Electron"},{"key":"ref344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1723555"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1969.7495"},{"key":"ref345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1753852"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1142\/3013","volume":"16","author":"bloembergen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Encounters in Nonlinear Optics Selected Papers of Nicolass Bloembergen (With Commentary)"},{"key":"ref346","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-84996-062-5"},{"key":"ref278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.35.003955"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.5.001550"},{"key":"ref347","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-01237-2","author":"poprawe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tailored Light 2 Laser Application Technology"},{"key":"ref279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.19.000780"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.14.973"},{"key":"ref383","article-title":"Special issue on semiconductor lasers","volume":"15","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Topics Quantum Electron"},{"key":"ref293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.24842"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cphc.200600195"},{"key":"ref382","author":"nakamura","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Blue Laser Diode The Complete Story"},{"key":"ref292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2008.06.001"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.78.1297"},{"key":"ref381","year":"2009","journal-title":"Global Optoelectronics Industry Market Report and Forecast"},{"key":"ref295","first-page":"355","article-title":"Hexvix blue light fluorescence cystoscopy&#x2014;A promising approach in diagnosis of superficial bladder tumors","volume":"1","author":"geavlete","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Med Life"},{"key":"ref380","year":"2009","journal-title":"Global Optoelectronics Industry Market Report and Forecast"},{"key":"ref294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v111.pm8898631"},{"key":"ref297","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1993.79.1.0043"},{"key":"ref296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2000.0674"},{"key":"ref299","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.18.002354"},{"key":"ref384","article-title":"Special issue on integrated optics and optoelectronics","volume":"11","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Topics Quantum Electron"},{"key":"ref298","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.429992"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.108329"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1985969","article-title":"Molecular-beam epitaxial growth and characteristics of highly uniform InAs\/GaAs quantum dot layers","volume":"98","author":"mi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Appl Phys"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504581102"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4095(200002)12:4<298::AID-ADMA298>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.63.430"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/347301a0"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.125728"},{"key":"ref290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(02)75186-2"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.99850"},{"key":"ref146","year":"0","journal-title":"Solar Cell"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09054"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.33.827","article-title":"Quantum states of confined carriers in very thin Al<ref_formula><tex Notation=\"TeX\">$_{x}$<\/tex><\/ref_formula>Ga<ref_formula> <tex Notation=\"TeX\">$_{1-x}$<\/tex><\/ref_formula>As-GaAs-Al<ref_formula><tex Notation=\"TeX\">$_{x}$<\/tex><\/ref_formula>Ga<ref_formula><tex Notation=\"TeX\">$_{1-x}$<\/tex> <\/ref_formula>As heterostructures","volume":"33","author":"dingle","year":"1974","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.92959"},{"key":"ref379","year":"2009","journal-title":"Global Optoelectronics Industry Market Report and Forecast"},{"key":"ref289","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1195929"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.78.1135"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1523642"},{"key":"ref377","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-0481-4","author":"agrawal","year":"1993","journal-title":"Semiconductor Lasers"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/244\/3\/032035"},{"key":"ref378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2002.1002521"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.43733"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"64","article-title":"Building a pocket-size electron accelerator","volume":"42","author":"byer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Photon Spectra"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevSTAB.11.030704"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1153341"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.78.1279"},{"key":"ref370","author":"kressel","year":"1977","journal-title":"Semiconductor Lasers and Heterojunction LEDs"},{"key":"ref372","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref371","year":"0"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.16.013240"},{"key":"ref374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0038-1101(64)90133-9"},{"key":"ref373","year":"0"},{"key":"ref376","year":"1980","journal-title":"Semiconductor Devices for Optical Communication"},{"key":"ref375","author":"bromberg","year":"1991","journal-title":"The Laser in American 19501970"},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.85.3966"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2007.02.011"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/386143a0"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.58.2486"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.58.2059"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2010.315"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3567492"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.102089"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/187493a0"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.112.1940"},{"key":"ref6","author":"baer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lasers in Science and Industry A Report to OSTP"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"The 50 best innovation of 2011","year":"2012","journal-title":"Time Mag"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.1984.1132835"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-6090(76)90085-7"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400854608"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13182\/FST10-316"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physe.2003.11.072"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.99.1264"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4095(20020116)14:2<158::AID-ADMA158>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"ref366","first-page":"22","article-title":"There is plenty of room at the bottom","volume":"23","author":"feynman","year":"1960","journal-title":"Caltech Eng Sci"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10721"},{"key":"ref367","year":"2009","journal-title":"Global Optoelectronics Industry Market Report and Forecast"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S1793626810000336"},{"key":"ref368","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511816680"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3591001"},{"key":"ref369","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511611094"},{"key":"ref47","year":"0"},{"key":"ref42","year":"0"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.23.000052"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.38.892"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4018(92)90070-8"},{"key":"ref320","author":"teapney","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2321027"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.5.000312"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1966.5124"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1963.2706"},{"key":"ref70","first-page":"1107","article-title":"AlAs-GaAs heterojunction injection lasers with a low room-temperature threshold","volume":"3","author":"alferov","year":"1970","journal-title":"Sov Phys Semicond"},{"key":"ref318","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.06.029"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-8166(01)00092-6"},{"key":"ref317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2009.06.019"},{"key":"ref77","year":"0","journal-title":"Compound Semiconductors Physics Technology and Device Concepts"},{"key":"ref316","first-page":"157","article-title":"Fibre optic confocal imaging (FOCI) for subsurface microscopy of the colon in vivo","volume":"184","author":"delaney","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Anatomy"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.1982.1131213"},{"key":"ref315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1126\/science.276.5321.2037","article-title":"In vivo endoscopic optical biopsy with optical coherence tomography","volume":"276","author":"tearney","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4005(98)00321-9"},{"key":"ref314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.1993.tb01669.x"},{"key":"ref313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.21.000543"},{"key":"ref312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sca.4950130507"},{"key":"ref78","author":"morkoc","year":"2008","journal-title":"Handbook of Nitride Semiconductors and Devices Volume 1 Materials Properties Physics and Growth"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.1900110506"},{"key":"ref79","author":"coldren","year":"1995","journal-title":"Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits"},{"key":"ref319","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1450"},{"key":"ref310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sca.4950100403"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5444.1523","article-title":"Nonlinear optics for high-speed digital information processing","volume":"9","author":"cotter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1126\/science.280.5368.1412","article-title":"Phase-matched generation of coherent soft X-rays","volume":"280","author":"rundquist","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2007.70"},{"key":"ref305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.116.12.1657"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAB.12.002102"},{"key":"ref304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)38206-X","article-title":"Free and conjugated chlorin E6 in the photodynamic therapy of human bladder carcinoma cells","volume":"146","author":"bachor","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Urology"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.15.009205"},{"key":"ref307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-011-0454-7"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01940"},{"key":"ref306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6836297"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1079280","article-title":"Photonic crystal fibers","volume":"299","author":"russell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2003.1244756"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5303.1102","article-title":"Probing single molecules and single nanoparticles by surface-enhanced Raman scattering","volume":"275","author":"nie","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1220"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4152","DOI":"10.3390\/s110404152","article-title":"Recent progress in Brillouin scattering based fiber sensors","volume":"11","author":"bao","year":"2011","journal-title":"SENSORS"},{"key":"ref303","first-page":"1075","article-title":"Intraperitoneal photodynamic therapy of human epithelial ovarian carcinomatosis in a xenograft murine model","volume":"56","author":"molpus","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.9.366"},{"key":"ref302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c0pp00381f"},{"key":"ref309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(61)92308-X"},{"key":"ref308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-011-1202-0"},{"key":"ref197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.18.001070"},{"key":"ref198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2008.30"},{"key":"ref199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2009.2020711"},{"key":"ref193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pssc.200564124"},{"key":"ref194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.95273"},{"key":"ref195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.99178"},{"key":"ref196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2006.874690"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JQE.1986.1073042"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.19.001653"},{"key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2009.259"},{"key":"ref93","author":"razeghi","year":"1989","journal-title":"The MOCVD Challenge Volume 1 A Survey of GaInAsP-InP for Photonic and Electronic Applications"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2009.25"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.92658"},{"key":"ref192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/1.2355790"},{"key":"ref342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09521"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.90026"},{"key":"ref343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1143\/JJAP.50.03CC06"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.89743"},{"key":"ref340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JDT.2005.858913"},{"key":"ref341","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3536675"},{"key":"ref336","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/3527607986"},{"key":"ref335","author":"dunmur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soap Science and Flat-Screen TVs A History of Liquid Crystals"},{"key":"ref334","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.98799"},{"key":"ref333","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEDM.2005.1609254"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JQE.1974.1068152"},{"key":"ref339","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2356904"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.247728"},{"key":"ref338","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2008.132"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1653605"},{"key":"ref337","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2742577"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4018(73)90330-1"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1969.tb01165.x"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408439208243754"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1109\/T-ED.1984.21766","article-title":"the beginning of integrated optoelectronic circuits","volume":"31","author":"yariv","year":"1984","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.49.361"},{"key":"ref330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35013140"},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2010.01.064"},{"key":"ref80","author":"chuang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Physics of Photonic Devices"},{"key":"ref332","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1109\/T-ED.1984.21762","article-title":"the thin film transistor&#8212;a late flowering bloom","volume":"31","author":"brody","year":"1984","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices"},{"key":"ref323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2007.02.028"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0079-6786(75)90005-9"},{"key":"ref322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2138"},{"key":"ref325","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.23.000244"},{"key":"ref324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.12.045"},{"key":"ref327","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2714027"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/3.81373"},{"key":"ref326","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2409"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/68.766769"},{"key":"ref329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc778"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1109\/2944.991409","article-title":"Microdischarge arrays: A new family of photonic devices","volume":"8","author":"chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Topics Quantum Electron"},{"key":"ref328","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07434"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2006.885769"},{"key":"ref200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2010.157"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el:19860171"},{"key":"ref100","author":"kaminow","year":"2008","journal-title":"Optical Fiber Telecommunications V"},{"key":"ref209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3735\/1\/11\/303"},{"key":"ref203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2010.5496875"},{"key":"ref204","year":"0"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.150.3693.149"},{"key":"ref202","year":"1960","journal-title":"MASER and MASER communication systems"},{"key":"ref207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.10.002252"},{"key":"ref208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/piee.1966.0189"},{"key":"ref205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/andp.19103370802"},{"key":"ref206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.1969.1127112","article-title":"Asymptotic expressions for eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of a dielectric or optical waveguide","volume":"mtt 17","author":"snyder","year":"1969","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1653255"},{"key":"ref210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3735\/2\/4\/307"},{"key":"ref212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1974.9608"},{"key":"ref213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.18.003684"},{"key":"ref214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1980.11827","article-title":"materials and processes for fiber preform fabrication&#8212;vapor-phase axial deposition","volume":"68","author":"izawa","year":"1980","journal-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE"},{"key":"ref215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1777371"},{"key":"ref216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1753710"},{"key":"ref217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1653326"},{"key":"ref218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.1983.1145944"},{"key":"ref219","author":"runge","year":"1990","journal-title":"private communication"},{"key":"ref220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.3.001182"},{"key":"ref222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el:19870719"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JQE.1983.1071984"},{"key":"ref229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/50.511666"},{"key":"ref228","article-title":"100 Gbit\/s <ref_formula><tex Notation=\"TeX\">\\times<\/tex> <\/ref_formula> 10 channel OTDM\/WDM transmission using a single supercontinuum WDM source","author":"morioka","year":"0","journal-title":"Opt Fiber Commun Conf"},{"key":"ref227","article-title":"One Terabit\/s transmission experiment","author":"gnauck","year":"0","journal-title":"Opt Fiber Commun Conf"},{"key":"ref226","article-title":"1.1 Tb\/s WDM transmission over a 150 km, 1.3 <ref_formula><tex Notation=\"TeX\">$\\mu$<\/tex> <\/ref_formula>m zero-dispersion single-mode fiber","author":"onaka","year":"0","journal-title":"Opt Fiber Commun Conf"},{"key":"ref225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/68.248438"},{"key":"ref224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1109\/68.84502","article-title":"An <ref_formula><tex Notation=\"TeX\">${\\rm N}\\ast{\\rm N}$<\/tex><\/ref_formula> optical multiplexer using a planar arrangement of two star couplers","volume":"3","author":"dragone","year":"1991","journal-title":"IEEE Photon Technol Lett"},{"key":"ref223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.12.000888"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1653327"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1109\/T-ED.1971.17321","article-title":"charge-coupled imaging devices: experimental results","volume":"18","author":"tompsett","year":"1971","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1970.tb01790.x"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2011.2176918"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican1191-86"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1109\/T-ED.1971.17321","article-title":"charge-coupled imaging devices: experimental results","volume":"18","author":"tompsett","year":"1971","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1063\/1.89761","article-title":"Micromechanical light modulator array fabricated on silicon [laser display applications]","volume":"31","author":"petersen","year":"1977","journal-title":"Appl Phys Lett"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.17.000688"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/68.324686"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1147\/rd.245.0631"},{"key":"ref132","article-title":"Projection displays and MEMS: Timely convergence for a bright future","volume":"2639","author":"hornbeck","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc SPIEInt Soc Opt Eng"},{"key":"ref232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2006.885260"},{"key":"ref233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.16.000841"},{"key":"ref230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1948.tb00917.x"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ECOC.2010.5621378"},{"key":"ref239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.19.016665"},{"key":"ref238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1364\/ECOC.2011.Th.13.C.5","article-title":"WDM 200 Gb\/s single-carrier PDM-QPSK transmission over 12&#x2009;000 km","author":"salsi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Opt Commun"},{"key":"ref235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2003.823106"},{"key":"ref234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2011.74"},{"key":"ref237","article-title":"101.7-Tb\/s (370X294-Gb\/s) PDM-128QAM-OFDM transmission over 3X55-km SSMF using pilot-based phase noise mitigation","author":"qian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Conf Optical Fiber Commun \/Nat Fiber Opt Eng Conf"},{"key":"ref236","article-title":"3 X 485-Gb\/s WDM transmission over 4800 km of ULAF and 12 X 100-GHz WSSs using CO-OFDM and single coherent detection with 80-GS\/s ADCs","author":"liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Conf Optical Fiber Commun \/Nat Fiber Opt Eng Conf"},{"key":"ref136","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el:19950987"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2006.886405"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/68.662582"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1721711"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-6787(90)90021-V"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1109\/T-ED.1976.18576","article-title":"on black solar cells or the tetrahedral texturing of a silicon surface","volume":"23","author":"restrepo","year":"1976","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.321693"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.96799"},{"key":"ref2","author":"saleh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fundamentals of Photonics"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pip.2163"},{"key":"ref1","author":"born","year":"2005","journal-title":"Principle of Optics"},{"key":"ref145","author":"miller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Intense Internal and External Fluorescence as Solar Cells Approach the ShockleyQueisser Efficiency Limit"},{"key":"ref241","article-title":"Manufacturable monolithically integrated InP dual-port coherent receiver for 100 G PDM-QPSK applications","author":"houtsma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Opt Commun"},{"key":"ref242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2011.68"},{"key":"ref243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.81.1301"},{"key":"ref244","article-title":"Compact disc hits 25th birthday","year":"0","journal-title":"BBC News"},{"key":"ref240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2011.2174336"},{"key":"ref248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3601879"},{"key":"ref247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3673856"},{"key":"ref246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.48.003537"},{"key":"ref245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSPEC.2004.1353792"},{"key":"ref249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.1984.1073580"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTQE.2011.2114642"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISLC.2010.5642703"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/3.89957"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00625818"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.100679"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el:19860911"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1143\/JJAP.18.2329"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.1986.1074751"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00339-009-5115-4"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.32.1043"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/2944.902146"},{"key":"ref250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AOP.2.000370"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.31.001528"},{"key":"ref254","year":"2005","journal-title":"Optical Imaging Sensors and Systems for Homeland Security"},{"key":"ref255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.14.000823"},{"key":"ref252","first-page":"247","author":"campbell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Optical Biosensors Present and Future"},{"key":"ref253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2008.926518"},{"key":"ref257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.17.005736"},{"key":"ref256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-835X(02)00038-6"},{"key":"ref259","year":"0","journal-title":"LIDAR Urban Modeling"},{"key":"ref10","author":"townes","year":"1975","journal-title":"Microwave Spectroscopy"},{"key":"ref258","first-page":"286","article-title":"Light detection and ranging (LIDAR): An emerging tool for multiple resource inventory","volume":"103","author":"reutebuch","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Forestry"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"674","article-title":"Optical MASER action in ruby","volume":"7","author":"maiman","year":"1960","journal-title":"Brit Commun Electron"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.6.106"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JQE.1987.1073450"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"34","article-title":"C. W. high power N2-CO2 laser","volume":"7","author":"patel","year":"1964","journal-title":"Appl Phys Lett"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1753951"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1753995"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-04156-7"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1753928"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1126\/science.264.5158.553","article-title":"Quantum cascade laser","volume":"264","author":"faist","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Joint special issue","year":"1966","journal-title":"Proc IEEE (Vol 54 No 10) and OSA Appl Opt (Vol 5 No 10)"},{"key":"ref19","author":"siegman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lasers"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.96549"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el:19830558"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.98066"},{"key":"ref116","first-page":"707","article-title":"Amplification of electromagnetic waves in a semiconductor superlattice","volume":"5","author":"kazarinov","year":"1971","journal-title":"Sov Phys Semicond"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.102682"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1143\/JJAP.28.L2112"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/386351a0"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.111832"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.118300"},{"key":"ref260","article-title":"Lidar technologies, techniques, and measurement for atmospheric remote sensing IV","volume":"7111","author":"singh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc SPIE"},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.35.007117"},{"key":"ref262","author":"holtz","year":"1986","journal-title":"Introductory Digital Image Processing A Remote Sensing Perspective"},{"key":"ref263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.26.001140"},{"key":"ref264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/16.275235"},{"key":"ref265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1117\/3.2524677","author":"holst","year":"2011","journal-title":"CMOS\/CCD Sensors and Camera Systems"},{"key":"ref266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-0221\/6\/03\/C03003"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the IEEE"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx5\/5\/6259910\/06198390.pdf?arnumber=6198390","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]],"date-time":"2023-06-22T23:19:13Z","timestamp":1687475953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/6198390\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"references-count":384,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Special Centennial Issue"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jproc.2012.2190174","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9219","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-2256","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]}}}