{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T18:49:43Z","timestamp":1784918983218,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]],"date-time":"2014-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/OAPA.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation (NSF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNS-1054744"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-1054744"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation (NSF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DUE-1245756"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DUE-1245756"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proc. IEEE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/jproc.2014.2334493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,15]],"date-time":"2014-07-15T18:32:31Z","timestamp":1405449151000},"page":"1229-1247","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":658,"title":["Hardware Trojan Attacks: Threat Analysis and Countermeasures"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Swarup","family":"Bhunia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mainak","family":"Banga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seetharam","family":"Narasimhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HST.2014.6855579"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HST.2011.5954999"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7873\/DATE.2014.303"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VLSID.2014.49"},{"key":"ref76","year":"0"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCAD.2013.6691149"},{"key":"ref74","article-title":"Split manufacturing method for advanced semiconductor circuits","author":"w jarvis","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"51","article-title":"Hardware Trojan detection using path delay fingerprint","author":"jin","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int'l Workshop Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7873\/DATE.2013.261"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HST.2009.5224966"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1366110.1366196"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"Method and apparatus for reverse engineering integrated circuits by monitoring optical emission","author":"kash","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HST.2009.5224990"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2012.200"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DBT.2004.1408948"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1145\/1629911.1630091","article-title":"hardware trojan horse detection using gate-level characterization","author":"potkonjak","year":"2009","journal-title":"2009 46th ACM\/IEEE Design Automation Conference dac"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1687399.1687426"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2010.2061228"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13389-013-0068-0"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2011.2164536"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2011.2147341"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2010.19"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"Demonstration of hardware Trojans","author":"kiamilev","year":"2008","journal-title":"DEFCON 16"},{"key":"ref64","first-page":"697","article-title":"FANCI: Identification of stealthy malicious logic using Boolean functional analysis","author":"waksman","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc ACM SIGSAC Conf Comput Commun Security"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AHS.2010.5546257"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TrustCom.2011.82"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DFT.2013.6653590"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2010.299"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/185403.185412"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0894439306292346"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/52.877857"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/6.880953"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSPEC.2008.4505310"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Protecting integrated circuits from silicon Trojan horses","author":"abramovici","year":"2009","journal-title":"Military Embedded Systems"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HASE.2008.37"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Multi-level attack: An emerging threat model for cryptographic hardware","author":"ali","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Design Autom Test Eur Conf Exhibit"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2010.18"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HST.2009.5224959"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"55","article-title":"Software exploitable hardware Trojan attacks in embedded processor","author":"wang","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Symp Defect Fault Tolerance VLSI Syst"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Designing and implementing malicious hardware","author":"king","year":"0","journal-title":"USENIX Workshop on Large-scale Exploits and Emergent Threats"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HST.2013.6581564"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"495","article-title":"Securing computer hardware using 3D integrated circuit (IC) technology and split manufacturing for obfuscation","author":"imeson","year":"0","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 22nd USENIX Conference on Security"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1367497.1367526"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HST.2009.5224960"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HST.2011.5954989"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2010.2093547"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WIFS.2010.5711438"},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"RON: An on-chip ring oscillator network for hardware Trojan detection","author":"zhang","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Exhib Design Autom Test"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTS.2011.5783766"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MDT.2012.2210183"},{"key":"ref10","year":"2005","journal-title":"Task Force on High Performance Microchip Supply"},{"key":"ref11","year":"2008","journal-title":"Towards Countering the Rise of the Silicon Trojan"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2011.2136339"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Fishy chips: Spies want to hack-proof circuits","author":"rawnsley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Wired"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"The Navy bought fake Chinese microchips that could have disarmed U.S. missiles","author":"johnson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Business Insider"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"23","article-title":"Breakthrough silicon scanning discovers backdoor in military chip","volume":"7428","author":"skorobogatov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems Workshop"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MDT.2012.2196252"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/185403.185412"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2011.2160627"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1837274.1837435"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1687399.1687425"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"296","article-title":"Trojan detection using IC fingerprinting","author":"agrawal","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Symp Security Privacy"},{"key":"ref3","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trust In Integrated Circuits (TIC)"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1558607.1558671"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MDT.2010.7"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"396","article-title":"MERO: A statistical approach for hardware Trojan detection","author":"chakraborty","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Workshop Cryptogr Hardware Embedded Syst"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HLDVT.2009.5340158"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10836-011-5255-2"},{"key":"ref9","year":"0","journal-title":"Semiconductor manufacturing&#x2014;Reverse engineering of semiconductor components parts and process"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPSD.2007.4380384"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"40","article-title":"A region based approach for the detection of hardware Trojans","author":"banga","year":"0","journal-title":"IEEE Int Symp on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MDAT.2013.2249554"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HST.2010.5513114"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"173","article-title":"Self-referencing: A scalable side-channel approach for hardware Trojan detection","author":"du","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Int Workshop Cryptogr Hardware Embedded Syst"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2010.2096811"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VLSI.Design.2009.22"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"1","author":"williams","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anti-Trojan and Trojan Detection with In-Kernel Digital Signature testing of executables"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the IEEE"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/5\/6860340\/06856140.pdf?arnumber=6856140","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T16:28:43Z","timestamp":1642004923000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/6856140\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jproc.2014.2334493","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9219","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-2256","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]}}}