{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T07:04:31Z","timestamp":1777532671881,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":172,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]],"date-time":"2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proc. IEEE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/jproc.2016.2625098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,2]],"date-time":"2017-01-02T19:05:21Z","timestamp":1483383921000},"page":"593-612","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":545,"title":["Overview on Additive Manufacturing Technologies"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Flaviana","family":"Calignano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Manfredi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elisa Paola","family":"Ambrosio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Biamino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mariangela","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Atzeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Salmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Minetola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Iuliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Fino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref170","year":"0"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2015.2186"},{"key":"ref171","year":"0"},{"key":"ref168","first-page":"245","article-title":"Additive manufacturing of ceramics: A review","volume":"5","author":"deckers","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Ceram Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref169","year":"0"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/13552540510612901"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013622216071"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"116","article-title":"Design and manufacturing of children’s remote control for child viewing","volume":"8","author":"madani","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Advances Prod Eng Manage"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/RPJ-11-2011-0118"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/amm-2013-0186"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/polyeng-2012-0089"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/RPJ-04-2014-0048"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/RPJ-04-2013-0038"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"249","article-title":"Additive manufacturing of anatomical models from computed tomography scan data","volume":"11","author":"g\u00fcr","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Bio Cell"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/RPJ-03-2013-0036"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10426914.2015.1070425"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirp.2010.03.074"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/13552541011034834"},{"key":"ref20","year":"0"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207540210146099"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-0136(01)00980-3"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/RPJ-02-2013-0017"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/RPJ-02-2012-0018"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2013.03.009"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirp.2009.03.071"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2014.07.043"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2015.12.075"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c0jm00264j"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1151-2916.2001.tb01045.x"},{"key":"ref154","first-page":"774","article-title":"Numerical thermal analysis in electron beam additive manufacturing with preheating effects","author":"shen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Solid Freeform Fabrication Symp"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMR.900.631"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4028484"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11740-009-0197-6"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2010.12.016"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00466-014-1026-0"},{"key":"ref151","first-page":"1","article-title":"Residual stress and distortion modeling of electron beam direct manufacturing Ti-6Al-4V","author":"denlinger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Inst Mech Eng B J Eng Manuf"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1243\/09544054JEM438"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2013.10.017"},{"key":"ref148","first-page":"1115","article-title":"Fabrication and characterization of high-purity niobium using electron beam melting additive manufacturing technology","volume":"84","author":"terrazas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Adv Manuf Technol"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129183114410095"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochem.2011.05.010"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-2219(97)00186-6"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/13552540710719208"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.04.050"},{"key":"ref55","author":"beaman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Solid Freeform Fabrication A New Direction in Manufacturing With Research and Applications in Thermal Laser Processing"},{"key":"ref54","year":"0"},{"key":"ref53","volume":"66","author":"camley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Solid State Physics"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1226340"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-2219(02)00163-2"},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1151-2916.1996.tb09022.x"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/13552541311292736"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jace.13700"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2016.01.001"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2016.01.041"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11837-016-1890-5"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2016.03.063"},{"key":"ref160","first-page":"162","article-title":"Experimental temperature analysis of powder-based electron beam additive manufacturing","author":"price","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Solid Freeform Fabrication Symp"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11465-013-0248-8"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207540903479786"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2015.09.006","article-title":"Adopting 3D printing for manufacturing—Evidence from the hearing aid industry","volume":"102","author":"sandstr\u00f6m","year":"2015","journal-title":"Technol Forecasting Social Change"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"13","article-title":"Additive manufacturing in aerospace: Examples and research outlook","volume":"42","author":"lyons","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Bridge Linking Engineering and Society"},{"key":"ref159","first-page":"761","article-title":"Evaluations of temperature measurements by near-infrared thermography in powder-based electron-beam additive manufacturing","author":"price","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc FFF Workshop"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"262","article-title":"An electrically-small, 3-D cube antenna fabricated with additive manufacturing","author":"nassar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Radio Wireless Symp"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1557\/mrs2003.231"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2013.2256"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/matecconf\/20141408001"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/1743284714Y.0000000697"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Advances in direct-write printing of RF-MEMS using M3D","author":"ai-mobin","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE MTT-S Int Microw Symp Dig"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.1994.0037"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-1120-9"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/MSF.505-507.25"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1557\/PROC-542-147","article-title":"Direct inkjet deposition of ceramic green bodies: II—Jet behaviour and deposit formation","volume":"542","author":"reis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Mater Res Soc Symp"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"98380u-1","article-title":"Enablement of defense missions with in-space 3D printing","volume":"9838","author":"parsons","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc SPIE"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"98250c-1","article-title":"Enabling homeland security missions with in-space 3D printing","volume":"9854","author":"hirsch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc SPIE"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3357\/AMHP.4633.2016"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"985413-1","article-title":"Enablement of scientific remote sensing missions with in-space 3D printing","volume":"9825","author":"mcguire","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc SPIE"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/245727"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2014.07.006"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17452759.2014.900857"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2008.11.013"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5082\/6\/4\/045002"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2012.10.021"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1005-0302(12)60016-4"},{"key":"ref71","first-page":"193","article-title":"Stereolithographic models derived from X-ray computed tomography reproduction accuracy","volume":"19","author":"bouyssi\u00e9","year":"1997","journal-title":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2016.01.034"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1093-3263(00)00029-2"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.907292"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2011.05.010"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-011-3566-1"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2015.05.003"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-7406.155913"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2009.10.006"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2010.0010"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2010.02.001"},{"key":"ref78","article-title":"Complexity of selective laser melting: A new optimization approach","author":"van elsen","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2012.10.005"},{"key":"ref79","first-page":"384","article-title":"Analyzing the DMLS-process by a macroscopic FE-model","author":"niebling","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Solid Freeform Fabrication Symp"},{"key":"ref136","year":"2007","journal-title":"GE Aviation GE-viation GEnx"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2009.11.015"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-016-8545-0"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intermet.2016.03.001"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeurceramsoc.2012.01.010"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11837-015-1778-9"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4332(99)00339-6"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/RPJ-04-2013-0038"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0960-1317\/20\/1\/015035"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-35321-2.00002-9"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchar.2008.07.006"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2008.03.056"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2238-7854(12)70009-1"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/13552541011049243"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2013.04.002"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2014.04.009"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11661-015-3300-y"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/13552541211212113"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1557\/jmr.2014.192"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Standard Terminology for Additive Manufacturing Technologies","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.1999.803987"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2014.12.105"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-8506(07)63240-5"},{"key":"ref109","year":"0"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2014.02.008"},{"key":"ref108","year":"0"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-77782-3_8"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2010.02.050"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1006-706X(15)30062-5"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11661-011-0731-y"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-7753(03)00023-5"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2010.09.034"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(07)60117-4"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2015.10.092"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2016.01.028"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2015.02.023"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2011.07.067"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/1753555715Y.0000000081"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11465-013-0248-8"},{"key":"ref110","article-title":"Method and device for producing three-dimensional bodies","author":"larson","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2015.05.035"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/58534"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2013.01.021"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2014.12.009"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Printing multi-functionality: Additive manufacturing for CubeSats","author":"kief","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc AIAA SPACE Conf Expo"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2014.2387823"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2012.2201089"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Wohlers Report 2014—3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing State of the Industry, Annual Worldwide Progress Report","year":"2014","journal-title":"Wohlers Associates"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/RPJ-01-2013-0012"},{"key":"ref15","year":"0"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2015.03.079"},{"key":"ref16","year":"0"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phpro.2011.03.085"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/AEAT-11-2013-0212"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207540210146099"},{"key":"ref81","first-page":"644","article-title":"Direct selective laser sintering of tool steel powders to high density. Part A: Effects of laser beam width and scan strategy","author":"hauser","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Solid Freeform Fabrication Symp"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.A1001365"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/13552540810841526"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intermet.2010.11.017"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/RPJ-09-2014-0123"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/13552549510094241"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2016.06.009"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2013.06.010"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11837-015-1300-4"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2003.11.051"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2015.08.028"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2009.11.032"},{"key":"ref89","first-page":"1303","volume":"1","year":"1990","journal-title":"ASM Handbook Properties and Selection Irons Steels and High-Performance Alloys"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intermet.2014.01.004"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23075"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/RPJ-07-2011-0067"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-012-4688-9"},{"key":"ref86","first-page":"1","article-title":"Part and material properties in selective laser melting of metals","author":"kruth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc 16th Int Electr Veh Symp"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11665-014-0993-9"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phpro.2011.03.034"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the IEEE"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/5\/7885154\/07803596.pdf?arnumber=7803596","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T16:19:45Z","timestamp":1642004385000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7803596\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"references-count":172,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jproc.2016.2625098","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9219","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-2256","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}}}