{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T19:25:36Z","timestamp":1792869936688,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proc. IEEE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/jproc.2017.2781198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]],"date-time":"2017-12-20T21:48:59Z","timestamp":1513806539000},"page":"9-20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":221,"title":["Safety and Security in Cyber-Physical Systems and Internet-of-Things Systems"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4742-0841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marilyn","family":"Wolf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Serpanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2012.2195338"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1952982.1952995"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCAD.2008.4681643"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1687399.1687426"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HST.2008.4559037"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MDAT.2013.2249555"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ReCoSoC.2013.6581551"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7873\/DATE.2015.1103"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCAD.2013.6691167"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HST.2009.5224968"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10836-011-5255-2"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10836-016-5632-y"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"51","article-title":"Hardware trojan detection using path delay fingerprint","author":"jin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Workshop Hardw -Orient Secur Trust"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"VW is Said to Cheat on Diesel Emissions; U. S. to Order Big Recall","author":"davenport","year":"2015","journal-title":"The New York Times"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MDT.2010.7"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"VW caught cheating on diesel emissions standards, ordered to recall 500,000 cars","author":"hruska","year":"2015","journal-title":"ExtremeTech"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MECO.2014.6862687"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2010.299"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9399(1997)123:9(897)"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSRE.2015.7381800"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0583102406061499"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPSD.2007.4380384"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCA.2007.893487"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90611u","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2045325","article-title":"Development of an extensible dual-core wireless sensing node for cyber-physical systems","volume":"9061","author":"kane","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc SPIE"},{"key":"ref59","year":"2014","journal-title":"Guidelines for Smart Grid Cybersecurity NISTIR 7628 Revision 1 (3 Volumes)"},{"key":"ref58","year":"1994","journal-title":"Development Guideline for Vehicle Based Software"},{"key":"ref57","author":"miller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adventures in Automotive Networks and Control Units"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2584651"},{"key":"ref55","year":"2015","journal-title":"VW DieselGate"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24255-2_17"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DASC.2011.6096122"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-23820-3_16"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CDC.2010.5717318"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PRDC.2008.29"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Transportation CPS safety challenges","author":"koopman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc NSF Workshop Cyber-Physical Syst"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2016.18"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DSN.2009.5270316"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Comprehensive experimental analyses of automotive attack surfaces","author":"checkoway","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc 20th USENIX Conf Secur"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCA.2010.2052038"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4271\/2016-01-0128"},{"key":"ref9","author":"goodin","year":"2016","journal-title":"First known hacker-caused power outage signals troubling escalation"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2016.18"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2744769.2747922"},{"key":"ref48","article-title":"Medical devices: The therac-25","author":"leveson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Safeware—System Safety and Computers"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"1","article-title":"Who’s in control of your control system? Device fingerprinting for cyber-physical systems","author":"formby","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Symp Network and Distributed System Security"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SmartGridComm.2013.6687993"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2012.6503599"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DSN.2014.28"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CDC.2015.7402610"},{"key":"ref73","year":"0","journal-title":"Industrial Communication Networks—Wireless Communication Network and Communication Profiles—WirelessHART"},{"key":"ref72","year":"0","journal-title":"Industrial Communication Networks—Profiles Parts 1-3"},{"key":"ref71","year":"2003","journal-title":"Industrial Communication Networks—Fieldbus Specifications Parts 1-6"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2958736"},{"key":"ref76","year":"2017","journal-title":"ZigBee IP and 920IP"},{"key":"ref77","author":"shelby","year":"7252","journal-title":"The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)"},{"key":"ref74","year":"0","journal-title":"Industrial Networks—Wireless Communication Network and Communication Profiles—ISA 100 11a"},{"key":"ref75","year":"2017","journal-title":"ZigBee"},{"key":"ref78","year":"2014","journal-title":"Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) Lightweight M2M Specification v1 0"},{"key":"ref79","year":"2017","journal-title":"OCF\/Open Interconnect Consortium (OIC) Specifications V1 0"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1629435.1629463"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2016.331"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1450135.1450190"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2542049"},{"key":"ref64","first-page":"1","article-title":"Using model-based intrusion detection for SCADA networks","author":"cheung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc SCADA Security Sci Symp"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1952982.1952995"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1966913.1966959"},{"key":"ref67","author":"caswell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Snort 2 0 intrusion detection"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-sen:20060076"},{"key":"ref2","author":"leveson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Safeware—System Safety and Computers"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2103656.2103669"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/2435227.2435262","article-title":"Security challenges in embedded systems","volume":"12","author":"serpanos","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACM Trans Embedded Comput Syst"},{"key":"ref95","first-page":"81","article-title":"Computational vulnerability analysis for information survivability","volume":"23","author":"shrobe","year":"2002","journal-title":"AI Mag"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AINA.2015.274"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2991\/icecee-15.2015.305"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/762891"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ETFA.2015.7301400"},{"key":"ref90","first-page":"557","article-title":"Grammar-based adaptive fuzzing: Evaluation on SCADA modbus protocol","author":"yoo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Smart Grid Commun"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2093548.2093564"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000384"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DSN.2009.5270316"},{"key":"ref99","year":"2013","journal-title":"Report Card for America’s Infrastructure"},{"key":"ref96","author":"koopman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Better Embedded System Software"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2017.2744645"},{"key":"ref10","author":"schneier","year":"2016","journal-title":"DDoS Attacks Against Dyn"},{"key":"ref11","author":"hruska","year":"2016","journal-title":"IoT Devices Likely Drove Friday Internet Blackout Some Products Already Recalled"},{"key":"ref12","year":"2016","journal-title":"Policy Brief Cyber Security for Nuclear Power Plants"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Cyber security at civil nuclear facilities: Understanding the risks","author":"baylon","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref14","author":"falliere","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stuxnet Introduces the First Known Rootkit for Industrial Control Systems"},{"key":"ref15","author":"falliere","year":"2011","journal-title":"W32 Stuxnet Dossier Version 1 4"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"United Airlines flights no longer grounded, delays remain","author":"ortiz","year":"2015","journal-title":"NBC News"},{"key":"ref82","year":"2013","journal-title":"KNX System Specifications"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Delta computers crash, causing delays and cancellations. Experts say it shouldn’t have happened","author":"halsey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Washington Post"},{"key":"ref81","year":"2013","journal-title":"Communication Systems for Meters and Remote Reading of Meters Part 4 Wireless Meter Redout (Radio Meter Reading for Operation in the 868 MHz SRD Band)"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Southwest Airlines computer glitch causes cancellations, delays for third day","author":"moyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Washington Post"},{"key":"ref84","year":"2012","journal-title":"Information Technology—Home Electronic Systems (HES)—Part 3-10 Wireless Short-Packet (WSP) Protocol Optimized for Energy Harvesting—Architecture and Lower Layer Protocols"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"FBI: Hacker claimed to have taken over flight’s engine controls","author":"perez","year":"2015","journal-title":"CNN"},{"key":"ref83","year":"2017","journal-title":"EnOcean Alliance Accessed"},{"key":"ref80","first-page":"335","article-title":"IoT components for secure smart building environments","author":"koulamas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Components and Services for IoT Platforms Paving the Way for IoT Standards"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2093548.2093564"},{"key":"ref85","year":"0","journal-title":"Road Vehicles—Controller Area Network (CAN) Parts 1–4"},{"key":"ref86","year":"2017","journal-title":"CiA 301 CANopen Application Layer"},{"key":"ref87","year":"0","journal-title":"Information Technology—Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) v3 1 1"},{"key":"ref88","author":"takanen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fuzzing for Software Security Testing and Quality Assurance"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the IEEE"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/5\/8232482\/08232537.pdf?arnumber=8232537","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T16:24:47Z","timestamp":1642004687000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8232537\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jproc.2017.2781198","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9219","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-2256","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}}}