{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T11:27:20Z","timestamp":1792063640542,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":166,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61333003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61333003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61773144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61773144"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proc. IEEE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/jproc.2018.2794879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,16]],"date-time":"2018-02-16T19:21:48Z","timestamp":1518808908000},"page":"440-457","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":248,"title":["A Survey on Formation Control of Small Satellites"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Guo-Ping","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shijie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.39320"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"2976","article-title":"A survey of spacecraft formation flying guidance and control. Part II: Control","volume":"4","author":"scharf","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Amer Control Conf"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2015.02.009"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2014.2327972"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03546427","article-title":"Challenges and prospects of Coulomb spacecraft formation control","volume":"52","author":"schaub","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Astron Sci"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.2172"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACC.2002.1025219"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10509-008-9815-6"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"1321","article-title":"Technologies for spacecraft formation flying","volume":"9","author":"adams","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Institute of Navigation ION-GPS"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2013.11.033"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2016.2594290"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.A33406"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.I010497"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-008-0274-1"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2003.05.032"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0032-0633(01)00056-3"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2002.1025064"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0273-1177(02)00585-9"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2010.2103415"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2000-5194"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-cta.2009.0607"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2009.03.067"},{"key":"ref50","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mission Proba 3"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2014.03.021"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.25629"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2004-4884"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CDC.2006.376725"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.37261"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1002\/rnc.679","article-title":"Adaptive output feedback tracking control of spacecraft formation","volume":"12","author":"hong","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Robust Nonlinear Control"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACC.2005.1470072"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2004-5007"},{"key":"ref146","first-page":"4223","article-title":"Robust attitude coordination control of formation flying spacecraft under control input saturation","volume":"7","author":"zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Innov Comput Inf Control"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0954410012442606"},{"key":"ref148","first-page":"556","article-title":"Improved model predictive control for virtual satellite attitude control","volume":"42","author":"bai","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Univ Sci Technol China"},{"key":"ref149","first-page":"1","article-title":"Coupled orbital and attitude control simulations for spacecraft formation flying","author":"lennox","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc AIAA Region I-MA Student Conf"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"29","article-title":"Analysis of satellite configurations for spaceborne SAR interferometry","author":"fiedler","year":"2002","journal-title":"2nd Int Symp Formation Flying Missions and Technol"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/36.911109"},{"key":"ref57","year":"2013","journal-title":"The First Gravitational Wave Observatory in Space eLISA Consortium"},{"key":"ref56","article-title":"ESA bulletin 103: Darwin: The infrared space interferometry mission","author":"fridlund","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2004.1368578"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"385","article-title":"Spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems: State of the art and future developments","author":"moreira","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc 11th GAAS Symp"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"The generalized information network analysis methodology for distributed satellite systems","author":"shaw","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"The ionospheric nanosatellite formation, exploring space weather","author":"swenson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc AIAA\/USU Conf Small Satellite"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03321508"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2017.2647820"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2016.2535126"},{"key":"ref164","first-page":"521","article-title":"Optimal control for final approach of rendezvous with non-cooperative target","volume":"6","author":"duan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pacific J Optim"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2011-6396"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2011.12.005"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.54277"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0954410012442606"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Satellite formation flying concept becoming a reality","year":"2001","journal-title":"NASA News Release"},{"key":"ref3","author":"gonzalez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sensing Tutorial"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Earth observing-1 spacecraft bus","author":"perry","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc AIAA\/USU Conf Small Satellite"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3182\/20140824-6-ZA-1003.02534"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-011-4191-1"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/2.3638"},{"key":"ref49","year":"2007","journal-title":"The First Sino-European Satellite Completes its Mission"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Micropro-pulsion system selection for precision formation flying satellites","author":"reichbach","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISIC.2010.5612930"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-cta.2010.0139"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/6.1997-3820"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2017.06.052"},{"key":"ref45","year":"0","journal-title":"German Aerospace Center Tandem-x—A New High Resolution Inter-Ferometric SAR Mission"},{"key":"ref48","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cluster II operations European Space Agency"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"DARPA to solicit bids for formation flying studies","author":"singer","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"1","article-title":"TechSat 21 and revolutionizing space missions using microsatellites","author":"martin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc 15th Annual AIAA\/USU Conf on Small Satellites"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"A reliability model for the design and optimization of separated spacecraft interferometer arrays","author":"jilla","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc 11th AIAA\/USU Conf Small Satellites"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AERO.2000.879281"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-cta:20050411"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-1098(02)00025-0"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.21322"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400835355"},{"key":"ref124","first-page":"7","article-title":"Application of phase-plane method in the co-plane formation maintenance of formation flying satellites","author":"hao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc 25th Chin Control Conf"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rnc.3595"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-015-5442-3"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CDC.2008.4739478"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2012.2196710"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/nhm.2007.2.597"},{"key":"ref70","first-page":"315","article-title":"Coordination and control of multiple microspacecraft moving in formation","volume":"44","author":"wang","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Astron Sci"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/3.21531"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2009.2016428"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10569-009-9183-8"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CDC.2005.1583334"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/70.736776"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acs.916"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACC.2007.4282205"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2000-4442"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2008.2004447"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.17857"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2011.02.014"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2011.2163312"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2008.05.018"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2012.2188428"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.50189"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0094-5765(84)90097-3"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2011.2180777"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2009-6540"},{"key":"ref61","article-title":"Fractionated space architectures: A vision for responsive space","author":"brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc 4th Responsive Space Conf"},{"key":"ref63","year":"2009","journal-title":"DARPA Awards Contract for Detailed Design of Fractionated Spacecraft Program"},{"key":"ref64","author":"ferster","year":"2013","journal-title":"DDARPA cancels formation-flying satellite demo"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2009-6095"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.robot.2007.08.005"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.9287"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03546211","article-title":"Minimum-fuel formation reconfiguration of multiple free-flying spacecraft","volume":"47","author":"wang","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Astronaut Sci"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2008.05.018"},{"key":"ref67","first-page":"94","article-title":"Orbit establishment for formation flying of satellites","volume":"105","author":"vadali","year":"2000","journal-title":"Adv Astronautic Sci"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2009.2031567"},{"key":"ref68","article-title":"Geometry and control of satellite formations","author":"yeh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Amer Control Conf"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2009.2014357"},{"key":"ref2","author":"messier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Euroconsult sees large market for smallsats"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2014.01.003"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2007.12.006"},{"key":"ref1","year":"2016","journal-title":"How many satellites are orbiting the Earth in 2016"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2016.08.035"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.22736"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03546427","article-title":"Challenges and prospects of Coulomb spacecraft formation control","volume":"52","author":"schaub","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Astron Sci"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/027836498600500106"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/2.6133"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2014.10.004"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.2172"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.19850"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/512583"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2015.06.461"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ast.2015.03.003"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-55146-8_2"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2011.2163312"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2016.04.012"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.48610"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.46415"},{"key":"ref110","article-title":"Self-assembly of large structures in space using intersatellite Coulomb forces","author":"izzo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc 57th Int Astronaut Congr"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2009.2031567"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2009.2016428"},{"key":"ref96","first-page":"159","article-title":"Autonomous proximity manoeuvring using artificial potential functions","volume":"17","author":"mcinnes","year":"1993","journal-title":"ESA J"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/3.21531"},{"key":"ref10","year":"0","journal-title":"SSHP Small Satellite"},{"key":"ref11","year":"0","journal-title":"Global Positioning System"},{"key":"ref12","year":"0","journal-title":"GLONASS"},{"key":"ref13","year":"0","journal-title":"Galileo (Satellite Navigation)"},{"key":"ref14","year":"0","journal-title":"BeiDou Navigation Satellite System"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Infra-red space interferometer","author":"sholomitsky","year":"1977","journal-title":"28th Int Astro Fed Congress"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/3.19965"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.2514\/1.A33291","article-title":"Review of formation flying and constellation missions using nanosatellites","volume":"53","author":"chung","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Spacecraft Rockets"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2015.12.037"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rnc.683"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.I010497"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2316\/Journal.206.2015.5.206-4109"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2007.900693"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11633-016-1004-4"},{"key":"ref119","first-page":"4438","article-title":"Linear control spacecraft formation flying","author":"sparks","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc AIAA Gudiance Navigat Control Conf"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03546366","article-title":"Design of minimum time maneuvers for multi-spacecraft interferometric imaging systems","volume":"52","author":"chakravorty","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Astron Sci"},{"key":"ref83","article-title":"Formation control of aerial robots using virtual structure and new fuzzy-based self-tuning synchronization","author":"abbasi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trans Inst Meas Control"},{"key":"ref114","first-page":"138","article-title":"A hierarchal coordination scheme for satellite formation initialization","volume":"17","author":"beard","year":"1998","journal-title":"AIAA Journal of Guidance Navigation and Control"},{"key":"ref113","first-page":"80","article-title":"Electrostatic force for swarm navigation and reconfiguration","volume":"3","author":"pettazzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Futura"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEE.2013.00102"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008814708459"},{"key":"ref115","first-page":"4030","article-title":"Constrained trajectory generation for micro-satellite formation flying","author":"milam","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc AIAA"},{"key":"ref120","first-page":"1","article-title":"Series of satellite encounters to solve autonomous formation assembly problem","author":"kormos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc AIAA\/USU Conf Small Satellite"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RAST.2011.5966902"},{"key":"ref121","first-page":"839","article-title":"Nonlinear dynamics and output feedback control of multiple spacecraft in elliptical orbits","author":"yan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Amer Control Conf"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/2.4549"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/2.4892"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/87.960341"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.9287"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2015.303"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJVAS.2011.038182"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the IEEE"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/5\/8303007\/08293791.pdf?arnumber=8293791","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T16:13:25Z","timestamp":1642004005000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8293791\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"references-count":166,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jproc.2018.2794879","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9219","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-2256","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}}}