{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T17:38:57Z","timestamp":1775324337664,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":178,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002920","name":"Research Grants Council of Hong Kong SAR, China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CityU 21201216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CityU 21201216"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002920","name":"Research Grants Council of Hong Kong SAR, China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HKU 17205518"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HKU 17205518"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shenzhen\u2013Hong Kong Innovation Circle Category D Project from the Science Technology and Innovation Committee of Shenzhen Municipality, China","award":["SGDX2019081623101559"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGDX2019081623101559"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proc. IEEE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/jproc.2020.3041417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]],"date-time":"2020-12-10T20:55:53Z","timestamp":1607633753000},"page":"1004-1028","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":276,"title":["A Critical Review of Advanced Electric Machines and Control Strategies for Electric Vehicles"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3105-5448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunhua","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1620-9688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K. T.","family":"Chau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5132-4126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher H. T.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0599-3350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zaixin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref170","first-page":"1322","article-title":"Power converter design for an integrated modular motor drive","author":"brown","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Ind Appl Annu Meeting"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2015.2413380"},{"key":"ref171","year":"2020","journal-title":"Siemens Integrates EV Motor and Inverter in Single Housing Common Cooling and SKiN"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2904798"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2015.2481182"},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2017.2681975"},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2019.2904757"},{"key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2018.2855123"},{"key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2017.2739697"},{"key":"ref168","first-page":"1","article-title":"A highly integrated electric drive system for tomorrow&#x2019;s EVs and HEVs","author":"nikouie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Southern Power Electron Conf (SPEC)"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITEC.2019.8790594"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2017.2764182"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2019.2931508"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2016.2532360"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2017.2695980"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2011.2123853"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2013.2248347"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASC.2016.2516920"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2009.2021666"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2012.2190614"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2017.2706023"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2018.2854234"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2019.2906849"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.2019.2932953"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2013.2297515"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2016.2599850"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2016.09.098"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2014.2341733"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JESTPE.2014.2299235"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMDC.2007.383546"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2016.2542241"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2002.803582"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2017.2661719"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.2016.2600178"},{"key":"ref51","article-title":"Double-rotor switched reluctance machine","author":"yang","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2003.809391"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JESTPE.2013.2294377"},{"key":"ref156","first-page":"17","article-title":"Sensorless control of induction machines&#x2014;With or without signal injection?","volume":"3","author":"holtz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc 9th Int Conf Optim Electr Electron Equip"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2012.2226200"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2019.2894112"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2020.2978230"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2012.2222049"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2011.2163371"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2019.2910494"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2019.2901636"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2004.830074"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTE.2020.2997607"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2020.2978725"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2016.2637885"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2014.2381159"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2528\/PIER12080808"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/20.951324"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2018.2883547"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2009.2023071"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/CJEE.2016.7933124"},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTE.2018.2853994"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-epa.2015.0506"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.2017.2727074"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2015.2432104"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APEC.2019.8721848"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30941\/CESTEMS.2019.00019"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2009.2030803","article-title":"An integrated EMI choke for differential-mode and common-mode noise suppression","volume":"25","author":"lai","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Power Electron"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APEC.2015.7104367"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2018.2837438"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2008.918403"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2017.2777388"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2018.2860078"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTE.2019.2892807"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2956552"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.2014.2378211"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2019.2955409"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2016.2561261"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2013.2243396"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2006.870868"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2010.2044128"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2017.2733454"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2018.2818643"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2019.2907445"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.2017.2656860"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2019.2947025"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2017.2716879"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASC.2016.2533263"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/28.158828"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2018.2807363"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2016.2548440"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/28.887213"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTE.2016.2620169"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.1970.1127422"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2015.2410767"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAS.1971.293085"},{"key":"ref128","first-page":"217","article-title":"The principle of field orientation as applied to the new transvector closed-loop system for rotating-field machines","volume":"34","author":"blaschke","year":"1972","journal-title":"Siemens Rev"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/20.195558"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2018.2850031"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.301684"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2006.880886"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2015.2397173"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2019.2939966"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2012.2227134"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PEDSTC.2015.7093300"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2018.2877740"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2018.2813966"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2016.2532290"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.2017.2651581"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2004.831724"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PEDSTC.2015.7093345"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2013.2272052"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2003.818981"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2018.2870395"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2015.2498207"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2020.2972457"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2015.2437361"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2018.2844810"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2017.2703661"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2018.2835454"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2016.2608768"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2015.2448511"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IAS.2002.1044117"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2016.2625238"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2017.2756589"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2013.2248334"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2020.2969101"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2012.2198034"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WoW.2017.7959389"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2015.2451094"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JESTPE.2018.2796123"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.2018.2879231"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en12101888"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.2008.2002037"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2009.2027598"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/20.822544"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2009.2038153"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2015.2459036"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2015.2493150"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2011.2116031"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511546808"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2014.10.060"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2007.908652"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jsvi.2001.4088"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/20.195559"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/jiee-1.1926.0122"},{"key":"ref111","article-title":"Towards increased understanding of low-power induction and synchronous reluctance machines: Harmonic modeling of complex electromagnetic phenomena","author":"sprangers","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2018.2824278"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.13.001870"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/CJEE.2018.8409355"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2011.2161251"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/20.825824"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIA.2007.322274"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2013.2271951"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIE.2019.2944760"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2016.2625770"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMDC.2019.8785124"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTE.2017.2664778"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2015.2514283"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/ICEMS.2018.8549142"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2017.2711574"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2017.2701340"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2018.2831194"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WEMDCD.2013.6525166"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2016.2549005"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTE.2015.2470092"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2016.2547360"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2015.2477479"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.2012.2195316"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTE.2019.2946494"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2016.2532285"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICELMACH.2016.7732510"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2018.2877164"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2008.2009306"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2013.2285525"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2018.2844804"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2775340"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2016.2631161"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2013.2266088"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2013.2262759"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2017.2736481"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTE.2015.2456429"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2012.2227092"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2017.08.005"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the IEEE"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/5\/9433719\/09290029.pdf?arnumber=9290029","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T15:57:57Z","timestamp":1642003077000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9290029\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"references-count":178,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jproc.2020.3041417","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9219","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-2256","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}}}