{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T15:55:23Z","timestamp":1784217323393,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":140,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1801261"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1801261"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61631005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61631005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61571100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61571100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFB1801105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFB1801105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Areas of Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province, China","award":["2018B010114001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018B010114001"]}]},{"name":"Macau Science and Technology Development Fund (FDCT), Macau","award":["0009\/2020\/A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0009\/2020\/A1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZYGX2019Z022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZYGX2019Z022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities","award":["B20064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B20064"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proc. IEEE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/jproc.2022.3169622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T19:52:09Z","timestamp":1651780329000},"page":"1339-1357","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":168,"title":["Backscatter Communication Assisted by Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2671-5090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying-Chang","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Intelligent Networking and Communications (CINC), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9198-2358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qianqian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, Center for Intelligent Networking and Communications (CINC), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5265-6963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, Center for Intelligent Networking and Communications (CINC), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0565-0515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruizhe","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, Center for Intelligent Networking and Communications (CINC), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3142-2885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, Center for Intelligent Networking and Communications (CINC), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3959-4761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, Center for Intelligent Networking and Communications (CINC), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Key drivers and research challenges for 6G ubiquitous wireless intelligence","author":"Latva-Aho","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/JCC.2019.08.001"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-020-2955-6"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.1900411"},{"key":"ref6","volume-title":"Communications in the 6G Era","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"White paper on critical and massive machine type communication towards 6G","author":"Mahmood","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2004.14146"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/JCIN.2019.8917868"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2841964"},{"key":"ref10","volume-title":"White Paper 5G Evolution and 6G","author":"Docomo","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.1900333"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2020.3010270"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2007.915423"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2013.120713.130417"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RFID-TA.2012.6404546"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2014.020314.130559"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MAP.2009.5162013"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2534169.2486015"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2017.2772261"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2018.2859389"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.101.2100132"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2020.3023139"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2954678"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2799848"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3007211"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2922609"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.1900107"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/JCIN.2019.8917871"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2020.3004197"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2020.2992604"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3152434.3152456"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"285","article-title":"Towards programming the radio environment with large arrays of inexpensive antennas","volume-title":"Proc. Symp. Netw. Sys. Design Imp.","author":"Li"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"1047","article-title":"RFocus: Beamforming using thousands of passive antennas","volume-title":"Proc. Symp. Netw. Sys. Design Imp.","author":"Arun"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3372224.3380887"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2016.7510962"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2018.8485924"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3007055"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.3024887"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3116151"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3000814"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.2970061"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3129308"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.2994455"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.2990766"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.3033006"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.3011308"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.3020838"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2020.2974196"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.3047632"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3007039"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3078524"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.3008402"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.3038942"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2924034"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3007043"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.3024621"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2021.3127190"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3116708"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2021.3083110"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.007.00345"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473842"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC45663.2020.9120813"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2021.3056874"},{"key":"ref64","volume-title":"The general theory of antenna scattering","author":"Green","year":"1963"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.32056"},{"key":"ref66","volume-title":"Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design","author":"Balanis","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.1965.1125964"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2007.914121"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MAP.2015.2453883"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2008.923327"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep03059"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2021.3092217"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3000881"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/876989"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-map.2011.0234"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2006.874311"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2008.2005470"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2011.2152338"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2012.2208612"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2007.902002"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2010.2048861"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2011.2173099"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-021-02048-5"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2021.3077737"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2022.3195536"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.2981458"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2019.2961357"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.3004330"},{"key":"ref89","article-title":"Channel estimation for reconfigurable intelligent surface aided multi-user MIMO systems","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv:1912.03619"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-020-3261-5"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2021.3106165"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3087582"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2015.2477498"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2020.3002955"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3070043"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.3047444"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM42002.2020.9347977"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3073161"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3007044"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.2971486"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCSP.2019.8928065"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP40776.2020.9052989"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-021-00554-4"},{"key":"ref104","volume-title":"The RF in RFID: UHF RFID in Practice","author":"Dobkin","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPGAP.1952.237350"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2003.814752"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2011.061011.110276"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-1499-2012-357"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2619239.2626319"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2020.2980510"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2021.3140207"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-0776-2"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.021.2000376"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.3028198"},{"key":"ref115","article-title":"Beamforming and transmit power design for intelligent reconfigurable surface-aided secure spatial modulation","author":"Shu","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2106.03616"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3007060"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3104059"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC45663.2020.9120455"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM42002.2020.9348236"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTC2021-Spring51267.2021.9448920"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2021.3135603"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3070014"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3096933"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2017.2739123"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2869360"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APUSNCURSINRSM.2019.8889330"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2018.2861431"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52953\/WGCC2777"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2020.3036839"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-019-1391-7"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.001.1900109"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3130970"},{"key":"ref133","volume-title":"Battery-Less Solutions Flood in","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2019.2938511"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.2984758"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3094869"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3064024"},{"key":"ref138","article-title":"Active RIS vs. passive RIS: Which will prevail in 6G?","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2103.15154"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2018.2801803"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JRFID.2018.2852498"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DySPAN.2018.8610413"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the IEEE"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/5\/9896612\/09769767.pdf?arnumber=9769767","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T22:12:21Z","timestamp":1705961541000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9769767\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"references-count":140,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jproc.2022.3169622","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9219","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-2256","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}}}