{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T18:42:23Z","timestamp":1780512143668,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":275,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"projects sElf-evolving terrestrial\/nonTerrestrial Hybrid nEtwoRks (ETHER), Luxembourg Experimental Network for Quantum Communication Infrastructure","award":["LUX4QCI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LUX4QCI"]}]},{"name":"Physics-Based Wireless AI Providing Scalability and Efficiency"},{"name":"Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR) in the context of Management and Routing in Non-Geostationary Orbit Satellites for Critical Services (SDNSaT) Project","award":["DEFENCE22\/IS\/17812162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEFENCE22\/IS\/17812162"]}]},{"name":"MICIU\/AEI\/10","award":["0000DONOTUSETHIS0000.13039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0000DONOTUSETHIS0000.13039"]}]},{"name":"MICIU\/AEI\/10","award":["501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["501100011033"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CHIST-ERA-22-WAI-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CHIST-ERA-22-WAI-04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR) through the Project SmartSpace","award":["C21\/IS\/16193290"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C21\/IS\/16193290"]}]},{"name":"Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR) through the Project SmartSpace","award":["INTER\/MOBILITY\/2023\/IS\/18014377"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INTER\/MOBILITY\/2023\/IS\/18014377"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proc. IEEE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/jproc.2024.3512934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T14:28:40Z","timestamp":1735828120000},"page":"987-1023","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["A Vision, Survey, and Roadmap Toward Space Communications in the 6G and Beyond Era"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1899-6865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Ntontin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SnT, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9936-7245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Lagunas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SnT, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8500-5534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Querol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SnT, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2933-8609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junaid ur","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and the Center for Intelligent Secure Systems, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4095-4015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel","family":"Grotz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SES, Chateau de Betzdorf, Betzdorf, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5122-0001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Symeon","family":"Chatzinotas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SnT, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2298-6774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Ottersten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SnT, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"T-Mobile Takes Coverage Above and Beyond With SpaceX","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"Rakuten And Vodafone Invest In Ast & Science\u2019s Space Venture To Reach More People, Devices And Places With Mobile Coverage","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"5G\u2019s Future is Hybrid-the Non-Terrestrial Opportunity","author":"Live","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3206862"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.002.2200366"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOMSTD.011.2100038"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASMS\/SPSC55670.2022.9914764"},{"key":"ref8","volume-title":"Starlink Direct to Cel","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref9","volume-title":"AST SpaceMobile: Building the First and Only Space-Based Cellular Broadband Network","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref10","volume-title":"FCC Clears SpaceX to Test Cellular Starlink on Phones","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref11","volume-title":"AST SpaceMobile: Designed to Connect Directly to Mobile Phones","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref12","volume-title":"Lynk Proves Direct Two-way Satellite-to-Mobile-Phone Connectivity","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref13","volume-title":"What is Starlink Direct to Cell, and when will it Launch?","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASMS\/SPSC48805.2020.9268928"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TRA.2003.817214"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2022.3156087"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0274328"},{"key":"ref18","volume-title":"6G The Road To the Future Wireless Technologies","author":"Henrique","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref19","volume-title":"ITU-R Timeline for IMT-2030","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref20","volume-title":"Quantum Encryption and Science Satellite (QEYSSat)","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref21","volume-title":"National Quantum-safe Network (NQSN)","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref22","volume-title":"The European Quantum Communication Infrastructure (EuroQCI) Initiative","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref23","volume-title":"6GSNS","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473793"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/qtc2.12060"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/qtc2.12069"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/cp.2019.1033"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOCN.413918"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LNET.2023.3266863"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.006.00340"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3288263"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/s0036144598347011"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22331\/q-2021-04-15-433"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"How to compute a 256-bit elliptic curve private key with only 50 million Toffoli gates","author":"Litinski","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2306.08585"},{"key":"ref35","volume-title":"Quantum Threat Timeline Report 2022","author":"Mosca","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3466132.3466779"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/revmodphys.92.025002"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01397280"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/299802a0"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1949.tb00928.x"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frcmn.2024.1356484"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jsait.2023.3275048"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"1","article-title":"Multi-antenna-enabled 6G satellite systems: Roadmap, challenges and opportunities","volume-title":"Proc. WSA 25th Int. ITG Workshop Smart Antennas","author":"Delamotte"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2022.3148139"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3126825"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3223913"},{"key":"ref47","volume-title":"Position, Navigation, and Timing Technologies in the 21st Century: Integrated Satellite Navigation, Sensor Systems, and Civil Applications","author":"Morton","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3194050"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2023.3316298"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AERO.2016.7500815"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BDCAT50828.2020.00004"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcomp.2022.1068478"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.a33235"},{"key":"ref54","volume-title":"Handbook on Space Research Communication","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AERO.2019.8742209"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2011.2160609"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/pt.6.3.20190312a"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref58","first-page":"42","article-title":"The laser communications relay demonstration (LCRD): NASA\u2019s next step in optical communications","volume":"58","author":"Israel","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"issue":"3","key":"ref59","first-page":"13","article-title":"The near earth network: NASA\u2019s next generation near earth space communications system","volume":"35","author":"Witzberger","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag."},{"issue":"2","key":"ref60","first-page":"281","article-title":"Space communications new frontiers: From near earth to deep space","volume":"39","author":"V\u00e1zquez-Castro","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AERO47225.2020.9172323"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AERO53065.2022.9843277"},{"key":"ref63","volume-title":"Lunar Communications and Navigation Architecture","author":"Aeronautics","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref64","volume-title":"Esa - Moonlight","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"1","article-title":"Forward(ing) from the moon","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Aerosp. Conf.","author":"V\u00e1zquez-Castro"},{"key":"ref66","author":"Arlot","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Distances From the Planets To the Earth. IMCCE\/observatoire De Paris"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.543014"},{"key":"ref68","first-page":"1","article-title":"Concept for continuous inter-planetary communications","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Aerosp. Conf.","author":"Davidovich"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119169079.ch2"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2007.905189"},{"key":"ref71","volume-title":"Proximity-1 Space Link Protocol-Data Link Layer","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref72","volume-title":"Proximity-1 Space Link Protocol-Coding and Synchronization Sublayer","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref73","volume-title":"NASA Science, Mars 2020 Mission, Perseverance Rover: Communications With Earth","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AERO.2016.7500680"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DCOSS54816.2022.00063"},{"key":"ref76","volume-title":"The First Cellular Network on the Moon","author":"Labs","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AERO55745.2023.10115746"},{"key":"ref78","first-page":"162","article-title":"Single-connectivity and multi-connectivity for multi-satellite 6G communication networks","volume-title":"Proc. International Commun. Satell. Syst. Conf. (ICSSC)","author":"Al-Ansi"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2020.3023375"},{"key":"ref80","article-title":"RAN functional split options for integrated terrestrial and non-terrestrial 6G networks","author":"Rihan","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2310.17317"},{"key":"ref81","volume-title":"The c5G-EMERGE Project","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2018.1800037"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/PBTE105E"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3050335"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2019.1800299"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2018.2875980"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2022.3199682"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3273704"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2023.3239080"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2023.3274134"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GCWkshps45667.2019.9024594"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.129.2200458"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.2000408"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3257102"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2023.3244773"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2000367"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2022.3141120"},{"key":"ref98","first-page":"1","article-title":"Flexible synchronous federated learning approach for LEO satellite constellation networks","volume-title":"Proc. Workshop AI\/ML Integr. Terr. Non-Terrestrial Netw., IEEE Int. Medit. Conf. Commun. Netw. (MeditCom)","author":"Al-Senwi"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.132.2200504"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3390\/aerospace10020101","article-title":"Onboard processing in satellite communications using AI accelerators","volume":"10","author":"Ortiz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aerospace"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/icp.2023.1367"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2018.2844243"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2011.2157885"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2022.3199477"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC56721.2023.10293839"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SPAWC.2019.8815532"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSPW59220.2023.10193395"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3011746"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LNET.2021.3052891"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC45855.2022.9838619"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2023.3296898"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2023.3296485"},{"key":"ref113","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in 3GPP 5G-advanced: A survey","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2305.05092"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2023.3328892"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam9288"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3144219"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan3211"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23675"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/549041a"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41534-019-0139-x"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.001.1900092"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3233188.3233224"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42254-023-00603-1"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revip.2019.100028"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.89.035002"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15043"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PRXQuantum.2.017002"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.47.777"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42005-021-00647-8"},{"key":"ref130","article-title":"Connecting quantum cities: Simulation of a satellite-based quantum network","author":"Yehia","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2307.11606"},{"key":"ref131","volume-title":"Raja Yehia. GitHub Repository: Quantum City","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42005-024-01612-x"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PLANS53410.2023.10140118"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AERO55745.2023.10115811"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2023.3324952"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34133\/space.0092"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2006.91"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2011.2158378"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref139","first-page":"3459","article-title":"Delay- and disruption-tolerant networking (DTN) for future space exploration: An overview","volume":"21","author":"Marchese","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts."},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2008.080609"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2003.1204759"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc5326"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref143","first-page":"2615","article-title":"Analytical framework for effect of link disruption on bundle protocol in deep-space communications","volume":"47","author":"Sabbagh","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"issue":"6","key":"ref144","first-page":"597","article-title":"Performance of TCP protocols in deep space communication networks","volume":"4","author":"Akan","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput."},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2004.833844"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSPEC.2005.1491224"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IMCCC.2011.226"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/scc49971.2021.00016"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref149","first-page":"72","article-title":"Reliability options for data communications in the future deep-space missions","volume":"48","author":"de Cola","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2007.905132"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICT.2017.7998249"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-017-9216-0"},{"key":"ref153","first-page":"183","article-title":"Deep-space optical terminals (DOT) systems engineering","volume-title":"IPN Prog. Rep.","volume":"42","author":"Biswas","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSOS.2017.8357204"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASMS-SPSC.2014.6934556"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref156","first-page":"54","article-title":"Prospects for improvement of interplanetary laser communication data rates by 30 dB","volume":"57","author":"Hemmati","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref157","article-title":"The architecture and design of the deep space digital communications system","volume-title":"Proc. CC Prize Lect.","author":"Rechtin"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref158","first-page":"30","article-title":"Prospects for a next-generation deep-space network","volume":"44","author":"Cesarone","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SYSOSE.2007.4304307"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SysCon.2013.6549925"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NAVITEC53682.2022.9847542"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0470052783.ch10"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2001-1258"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MAP.2017.2655576"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2019.2922285"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3064397"},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2019.2924010"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2018.2881442"},{"key":"ref169","article-title":"Artificial intelligence for satellite communication and non-terrestrial networks: A survey","author":"Fontanesi","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2304.13008"},{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-65172-9_24"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.006.2300223"},{"key":"ref172","article-title":"Generative AI for the optimization of next-generation wireless networks: Basics, state-of-the-art, and open challenges","author":"Khoramnejad","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2405.17454"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7709","DOI":"10.3390\/s23187709","article-title":"Emerging technologies for 6G communication networks: Machine learning approaches","volume":"23","author":"Puspitasari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC57260.2024.10570763"},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2023.3307209"},{"key":"ref176","article-title":"Generative AI for deep reinforcement learning: Framework, analysis, and use cases","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2405.20568"},{"key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMLCN.2024.3418933"},{"key":"ref178","volume-title":"Generative AI Infrastructure At AWS","author":"Chernoff","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2024.3361154"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2020.3033357"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBC.2017.2755263"},{"key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASMS\/SPSC48805.2020.9268790"},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBC.2019.2960940"},{"key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2023.3255239"},{"key":"ref185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/EUSIPCO55093.2022.9909898"},{"key":"ref186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/EUSIPCO55093.2022.9909677"},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2010.032910.00019"},{"key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/icp.2023.1362"},{"key":"ref189","first-page":"1","article-title":"Beam hopping\u2014How to make it possible","volume-title":"Proc. Ka Broadband Commun. Conf.","author":"Freedman"},{"key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2006-5376"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/4234.898718"},{"key":"ref192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2022.3141420"},{"key":"ref193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2014.2322119"},{"key":"ref194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2010.2046130"},{"key":"ref195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/SAIEE.2019.8643146"},{"key":"ref196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMLCN.2023.3286793"},{"key":"ref197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lawp.2019.2932904"},{"key":"ref198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3190412"},{"key":"ref199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.2969627"},{"key":"ref200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2023.3240363"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/icp.2023.1391"},{"key":"ref202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3163519"},{"key":"ref203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2020.107213","article-title":"A framework to classify heterogeneous internet traffic with machine learning and deep learning techniques for satellite communications","volume":"173","author":"Pacheco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2016.2537781"},{"key":"ref205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3088609"},{"key":"ref206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AERO50100.2021.9438291"},{"key":"ref207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sat.1352"},{"key":"ref208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AERO47225.2020.9172682"},{"key":"ref209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2019.2894391"},{"key":"ref210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2022.3187046"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2023.3338065"},{"key":"ref212","volume-title":"How To Locate and Mitigate Common Satellite Interference Issues","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DySPAN.2019.8935875"},{"key":"ref214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/cp.2019.1269"},{"key":"ref215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC56721.2023.10293839"},{"key":"ref216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASMS-SPSC.2010.5586925"},{"key":"ref217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/JCIN.2021.9387703"},{"key":"ref218","volume-title":"3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Solutions for NR To Support Non-terrestrial Networks (NTN) (Release 16)","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM42002.2020.9322449"},{"key":"ref220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2019.2959065"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3242700"},{"key":"ref222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2023.3303947"},{"key":"ref223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM54140.2023.10437543"},{"key":"ref224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.106.2100636"},{"key":"ref225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109092"},{"key":"ref226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTQE.2015.2392076"},{"key":"ref227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.83.33"},{"key":"ref228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2014.149"},{"key":"ref229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.94.025008"},{"key":"ref230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22331\/q-2018-08-06-79"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41567-019-0743-x"},{"key":"ref232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05782-6"},{"key":"ref233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04182-y"},{"key":"ref234","volume-title":"Quantinuum H-Series Quantum Computer Accelerates Through 3 More Performance Records for Quantum Volume: 217, 218, and 219","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.94.035001"},{"key":"ref236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.120.030501"},{"key":"ref237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.67.661"},{"key":"ref238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26421\/QIC5.6-4"},{"key":"ref239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41534-017-0025-3"},{"key":"ref240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-020-02644-2"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22072716"},{"key":"ref242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42254-024-00770-9"},{"key":"ref243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC45041.2023.10279239"},{"key":"ref244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3149272"},{"key":"ref245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2011.2158488"},{"key":"ref246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2023.3284449"},{"key":"ref247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SPAWC.2016.7536783"},{"key":"ref248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCSpring.2018.8417791"},{"key":"ref249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCW.2017.7962756"},{"key":"ref250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33012\/2022.18385"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTC2020-Fall49728.2020.9348474"},{"key":"ref252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2023.3315735"},{"key":"ref253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-1499-2011-185"},{"key":"ref254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3047618"},{"key":"ref255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEECONF44664.2019.9048882"},{"key":"ref256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3582688"},{"key":"ref257","volume-title":"Mastering Few-Shot Learning: Techniques and Applications","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2023.3296584"},{"key":"ref259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2985839"},{"key":"ref260","year":"2024","journal-title":"IBM Debuts Brain-Inspired Chip For Speedy, Efficient AI"},{"key":"ref262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2023.3247480"},{"key":"ref263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2023.3239220"},{"key":"ref264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC51071.2022.9771908"},{"key":"ref265","volume-title":"Interoperability for Satellite Communications: is Open RAN the Answer?","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref266","volume-title":"Carbon Footprint of Data Centers & Data Storage Per Country","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref267","volume-title":"The Application of Neuromorphic Processors To Satcom Applications","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.680899"},{"key":"ref269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTQE.2010.2040710"},{"key":"ref270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/11\/4\/045007"},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.34.003169"},{"key":"ref272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCChina.2015.7448645"},{"key":"ref273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.103.2100419"},{"key":"ref274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MAES.2011.5739482"},{"key":"ref275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/383694.383703"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-1286(03)00345-1","article-title":"InterPlaNetary internet: State-of-the-art and research challenges","volume":"43","author":"Akyildiz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the IEEE"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/5\/11360625\/10820534.pdf?arnumber=10820534","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T21:02:09Z","timestamp":1769115729000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10820534\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":275,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jproc.2024.3512934","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9219","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-2256","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}}}