{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T14:08:36Z","timestamp":1782482916391,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":275,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62422310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62422310"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62373248"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62373248"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20DZ2220400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20DZ2220400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proc. IEEE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/jproc.2025.3633933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T18:29:12Z","timestamp":1764095352000},"page":"752-782","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Progress in Deformation Sensing for Flexible Robots"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6043-2903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zecai","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Robotics, the School of Automation and Intelligent Sensing, and the Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Robotics, the School of Automation and Intelligent Sensing, and the Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoping","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Flexible Medical Robotics, Tongren Hospital, Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8757-0679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weidong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Robotics, the School of Automation and Intelligent Sensing, and the Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4060-4020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guang-Zhong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Flexible Medical Robotics, Tongren Hospital, Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8307-4416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anzhu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Robotics, the School of Automation and Intelligent Sensing, and the Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcim.2022.102429"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.abf1462"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2020.3003910"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2906063"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2023.3302807"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aar7650"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2025.102045"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtadv.2022.100338"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bios12110943"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.abi8017"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-control-062322-100607"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aao3865"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201909202"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/soro.2024.0178"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMECH.2021.3105536"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.201900985"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202401311"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201504755"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.abm7187"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.201900025"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201800541"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-69748-2"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2020.3026240"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202100018"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16642-6"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtphys.2020.100243"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0141-5425(93)90057-6"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3314284"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1674-4926\/24080006"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2002.804586"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2016.04.007"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.201970019"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2023.3337419"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2022.3221368"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMECH.2023.3239750"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2012.6224631"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2013.6630653"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMRB.2023.3260273"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2021.3094238"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/soro.2018.0047"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201605630"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2016.2530867"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s17030443"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b04671"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202416731"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2021.110164"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202418463"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adsr.202300033"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0141075"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SENSORS47087.2021.9639701"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4FD00159A"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adq5778"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s16091356"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.abc8801"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2016.2622361"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6745"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2022.113372"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2020.2979662"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2020.106508"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMECH.2022.3175205"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/PRJ.461182"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2020.3003291"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2023.3343604"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2009.06.058"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5113955"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aai7529"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22113987"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA57147.2024.10611403"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2015.2442266"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mechatronics.2011.10.005"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2018.06.034"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.40.003109"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-1179-0_10"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/photonics11030270"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yofte.2022.102955"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2017.2661680"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2021.3067279"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el:20000157"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.28.000387"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.40.005188"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2014.2387112"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.383096"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.27.020763"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OFC.2008.4528404"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2018.8594270"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29026\/oea.2022.210098"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202400285"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c07318"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBOT.2010.5509461"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2018.09.026"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICInfA.2015.7279364"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2023.3346271"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IRAC63143.2024.10871667"},{"key":"ref94","article-title":"Design of an optical touch sensing system for a remote manipulator","author":"Strickler","year":"1966"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2019.8794113"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2019.2893434"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.abi6745"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57741-6"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-018-0189-7"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c16628"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202211385"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2016.02.037"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano8040206"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201200105"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-018-0201-6"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201400562"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D5TC01573A"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-024-01539-6"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201305659"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b08027"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xinn.2024.100640"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TC04515A"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA05744B"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2008.4649103"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2022.107172"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.0c01551"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13566"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/20\/8\/085706"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5b08168"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0964-1726\/23\/3\/033001"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s16060819"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b07833"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TC02949A"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202301159"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202201959"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2017.2726348"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40828-8"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202410284"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2834"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202000348"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TC02926H"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201903020"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2024.3464608"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.201700586"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201500072"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMECH.2013.2283365"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/soro.2024.0158"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2018.04.023"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.201700072"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.201700136"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2019.2906548"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/soro.2024.0017"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2020.3008120"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201700321"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201403441"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202100572"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2008.09.019"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-023-00622-8"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aau6914"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201602581"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2023.3343795"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaelm.1c01274"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14040710"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/soro.2019.0151"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SENSORS52175.2022.9967136"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.3c00139"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201703432"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14193930"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51137-8"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AIM.2019.8868485"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b12237"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b08207"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2020.108038"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202400133"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/aabbba"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA01519G"},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201103406"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201202405"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c0lc00501k"},{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TB02570G"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2021.106593"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b18823"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201200498"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2NR04551F"},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cossms.2018.11.001"},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225164"},{"key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7MH00104E"},{"key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45786-y"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c22823"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b09652"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201304742"},{"key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TC06091J"},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.201400063"},{"key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202101814"},{"key":"ref185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4961493"},{"key":"ref186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2016.7487707"},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2011.6094701"},{"key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2017.7989577"},{"key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202502203"},{"key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TC02505C"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8MH01188E"},{"key":"ref192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.8b03999"},{"key":"ref193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202203650"},{"key":"ref194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2023.108387"},{"key":"ref195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5EE01532D"},{"key":"ref196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2012.01.004"},{"key":"ref197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ee42311e"},{"key":"ref198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TA00248C"},{"key":"ref199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-020-00575-2"},{"key":"ref200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2024.110141"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23207-8"},{"key":"ref202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2022.107442"},{"key":"ref203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/soro.2023.0249"},{"key":"ref204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJMA.2011.045271"},{"key":"ref205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4915285"},{"key":"ref206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2007.911003"},{"key":"ref207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2014.2321777"},{"key":"ref208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcs.1736"},{"key":"ref209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2015.2424228"},{"key":"ref210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2016.7487703"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-3190\/10\/5\/055001"},{"key":"ref212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2023.3309695"},{"key":"ref213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16959"},{"key":"ref214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202100784"},{"key":"ref215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-014-1203-5"},{"key":"ref216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202300641"},{"key":"ref217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02783649231168954"},{"key":"ref218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.abl4543"},{"key":"ref219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmapro.2023.01.060"},{"key":"ref220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMECH.2022.3216314"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2009.2032965"},{"key":"ref222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2020.2972851"},{"key":"ref223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12541-021-00479-0"},{"key":"ref224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2022.3225718"},{"key":"ref225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c00699"},{"key":"ref226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202400534"},{"key":"ref227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/soro.2019.0013"},{"key":"ref228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2016.2582216"},{"key":"ref229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s140712748"},{"key":"ref230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1687-0"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2020.2982070"},{"key":"ref232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/soro.2018.0065"},{"key":"ref233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2022.3162914"},{"key":"ref234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.abc8134"},{"key":"ref235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202203241"},{"key":"ref236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA46639.2022.9811947"},{"key":"ref237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adr6428"},{"key":"ref238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMRB.2023.3239685"},{"key":"ref239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/soro.2019.0051"},{"key":"ref240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2015.7139000"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2014.2332354"},{"key":"ref242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2021.06.086"},{"key":"ref243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2024.116977"},{"key":"ref244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2015.2473515"},{"key":"ref245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MEMSYS.2017.7863464"},{"key":"ref246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2018.2798569"},{"key":"ref247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4049976"},{"key":"ref248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2024.3354171"},{"key":"ref249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-021-02781-4"},{"key":"ref250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2020.3010369"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSENS.2018.8589898"},{"key":"ref252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2013.2272848"},{"key":"ref253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BIOROB.2018.8487199"},{"key":"ref254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-3182\/9\/1\/016007"},{"key":"ref255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s140304050"},{"key":"ref256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c04730"},{"key":"ref257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202300299"},{"key":"ref258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22103850"},{"key":"ref259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JOE.2010.2050362"},{"key":"ref260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202000244"},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.abn0495"},{"key":"ref262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32827-7"},{"key":"ref263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202502353"},{"key":"ref264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2022.3176723"},{"key":"ref265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21695172251388808"},{"key":"ref266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SSCI47803.2020.9308468"},{"key":"ref267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adk5556"},{"key":"ref268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c11281"},{"key":"ref269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44258-023-00003-1"},{"key":"ref270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ady3624"},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA48506.2021.9561227"},{"key":"ref272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202170373"},{"key":"ref273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202200517"},{"key":"ref274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36885-3"},{"key":"ref275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202305528"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the IEEE"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/5\/11345491\/11268283.pdf?arnumber=11268283","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T22:01:28Z","timestamp":1768255288000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11268283\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":275,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jproc.2025.3633933","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9219","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-2256","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}}}