{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T05:01:27Z","timestamp":1780117287395,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE J. Sel. Areas Inf. Theory"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/jsait.2026.3688592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T19:50:30Z","timestamp":1777405830000},"page":"221-228","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Energy-Aware Routing to Large Reasoning Models"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0660-182X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Austin R.","family":"Ellis-Mohr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Hartman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2798-5308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lav R.","family":"Varshney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3774896"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2024.0510"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3484266.3487394"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2010.2080250"},{"key":"ref5","volume-title":"Risk-limited dispatch of knowledge work","author":"Agarwal","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Large language model routing with benchmark datasets","volume-title":"Proc. Conf. Lang. Model. (COLM)","author":"Shnitzer"},{"issue":"253","key":"ref7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Estimating the carbon footprint of Bloom, a 176B parameter language model","volume":"24","author":"Luccioni","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"How hungry is AI? Benchmarking energy, water, and carbon footprint of LLM inference","author":"Jegham","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2505.09598"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Measuring the energy consumption and efficiency of deep neural networks: An empirical analysis and design recommendations","author":"Tripp","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2403.08151"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"The price of prompting: Profiling energy use in large language models inference","author":"Husom","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2407.16893"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2025.3626264"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3581784.3607034"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"EcoServe: Designing carbon-aware AI inference systems","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2502.05043"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"1","article-title":"FrugalGPT: How to use large language models while reducing cost and improving performance","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trans. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"A simple and effective pruning approach for large language models","volume-title":"Proc. 12th Int. Conf. Learn. Represent.","author":"Sun"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"41076","article-title":"Compact language models via pruning and knowledge distillation","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"37","author":"Muralidharan"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.findings-acl.507"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2011.112811.100349"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2015.2391531"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2015.7417604"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2311878121"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Foundation models for discovery and exploration in chemical space","author":"Wadell","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv:2510.18900"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3600006.3613165"},{"key":"ref24","volume-title":"An Invariance Principle for Certain Probability Limit Theorems","author":"Donsker","year":"1951"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Scaling laws for neural language models","author":"Kaplan","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv:2001.08361"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Training compute-optimal large language models","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2203.15556"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2018.2833814"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CDC.1990.204000"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3718958.3750478"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3470496.3527408"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-025-01927-1"}],"container-title":["IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Information Theory"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/8700143\/11395188\/11498341.pdf?arnumber=11498341","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T04:18:09Z","timestamp":1780114689000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11498341\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":31,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jsait.2026.3688592","relation":{},"ISSN":["2641-8770"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2641-8770","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}