{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T09:41:15Z","timestamp":1780479675494,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/jssc.2025.3607311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T17:34:14Z","timestamp":1758044054000},"page":"33-46","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A 108 Gb\/s PAM-4 VCSEL-Based Direct-Drive Optical Engine for Co-Packaged Optics Applications"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8865-7132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susnata","family":"Mondal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Intel Labs, Intel, Hillsboro, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3091-0016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sashank","family":"Krishnamurthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intel Labs, Intel, Hillsboro, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7662-6921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junyi","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intel Labs, Intel, Hillsboro, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tolga","family":"Acikalin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intel Labs, Hillsboro, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6704-9138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soumya","family":"Bose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intel Labs, Hillsboro, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2983-0249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuhei","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intel Labs, Intel, Hillsboro, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Jaussi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intel Labs, Intel, Hillsboro, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0277-7775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mozhgan","family":"Mansuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intel Labs, Intel, Hillsboro, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2014.2385671"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2021.3124289"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ESSCIRC59616.2023.10268797"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jssc.2025.3563073"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/vlsic.2019.8777952"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/A-SSCC53895.2021.9634801"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2022.3192711"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2022.3179678"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2024.3384936"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2024.3516072"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jssc.2025.3552590"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2017.2778280"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2017.2734913"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VLSITechnologyandCir46783.2024.10631327"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/isscc49661.2025.10904635"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.3000575"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2250894"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2019.2939652"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2014.2364820"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2003.818569"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2016.2553040"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.OE.55.12.126103"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"202","volume-title":"Solid State Electronic Devices","author":"Streetman","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.19.015490"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4971978"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-019-3107-7"},{"key":"ref27","volume-title":"Design of Integrated Circuits for Optical Communications","author":"Razavi","year":"2012"}],"container-title":["IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/4\/11318064\/11165151.pdf?arnumber=11165151","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T06:36:08Z","timestamp":1767076568000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11165151\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jssc.2025.3607311","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9200","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-173X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}}}