{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T16:56:05Z","timestamp":1785603365919,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&D Program of China","award":["2016YFC0500202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC0500202"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&D Program of China","award":["2017YFC0503905"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFC0503905"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31971575"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31971575"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41871332"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41871332"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41901358"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41901358"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/jstars.2020.3008477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,10]],"date-time":"2020-07-10T20:27:02Z","timestamp":1594412822000},"page":"3958-3974","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["A Point-Based Fully Convolutional Neural Network for Airborne LiDAR Ground Point Filtering in Forested Environments"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Shichao","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7931-339X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanjun","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1065-0838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qinghua","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14539"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14358\/PERS.76.6.701"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2011.10.002"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233128"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-2716(98)00009-4"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"120","article-title":"A morphological reconstruction algorithm for separating off-terrain points from terrain points in laser scanning data","volume":"36","author":"arefi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Arch Photogramm Remote Sens Spatial Inf Sci"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"313","article-title":"Classification of LiDAR point cloud and generation of DTM from LiDAR height and intensity data in forested area","volume":"37","author":"yunfei","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Arch Photogramm Remote Sens Spatial Inf Sci"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"66","article-title":"Filtering of airborne laser scanner data based on segmented point clouds","volume":"36","author":"sithole","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Arch Photogramm Remote Sens Spatial Inf Sci"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs6021294"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2018.1468109"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs61212885"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2012.12.002"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8010035"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Slope based filtering of laser altimetry data","volume":"33","author":"vosselman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int Arch Photogrammetry Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs4061804"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"203","article-title":"Filtering of laser altimetry data using a slope adaptive filter","volume":"34","author":"sithole","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int Arch Photogramm Remote Sens Spatial Inf Sci"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2004.05.004"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2008.09.001"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2150704X.2017.1395964"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2003.810682"},{"key":"ref100","first-page":"963","article-title":"Point-Voxel CNN for Efficient 3D Deep Learning","author":"liu","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14358\/PERS.73.2.175"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"5099","article-title":"PointNet++: Deep hierarchical feature learning on point sets in a metric space","author":"qi","year":"0","journal-title":"Adv in Neural Info Proc Syst"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"652","article-title":"PointNet: Deep learning on point sets for 3D classification and segmentation","author":"qi","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Conf Comput Vision Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.11"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41064-019-00073-0"},{"key":"ref57","first-page":"71","article-title":"Generalizing discrete convolutions for unstructured point clouds","author":"boulch","year":"2019","journal-title":"3DOR"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11121499"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2018.03.018"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/isprs-annals-IV-2-W5-77-2019"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3326362"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00479"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2019.04.015"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315154381"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14358\/PERS.80.9.863"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"517","article-title":"High resolution single-pass interferometric radar observation of tropical forest trees","author":"hoekman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc 4th Int Workshop Radar Polarimetry"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"1203","article-title":"3D model-based tree measurement from high-resolution aerial imagery","volume":"68","author":"gong","year":"2002","journal-title":"Photogrammetric Eng Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0309133308089496"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.99"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2010.11.003"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2012WR012223"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/3DV.2016.79"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2015.7353481"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.701"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3072959.3073608"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MGRS.2017.2762307"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JRS.11.042609"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.114"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.00866"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2004.02.008"},{"key":"ref72","first-page":"1756","article-title":"Cross-entropy vs. squared error training: A theoretical and experimental comparison","author":"golik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Annu Conf Int Speech Commun Assoc"},{"key":"ref71","article-title":"Batch normalization: Accelerating deep network training by reducing internal covariate shift","author":"ioffe","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/72.80266"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14358\/PERS.70.3.331"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-08985-0_12"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2005.10.019"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14358\/PERS.78.1.75"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07038992.2018.1481738"},{"key":"ref79","article-title":"PyTorch: Tensors and dynamic neural networks in Python with strong GPU acceleration","author":"paszke","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/D14-1179"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9090936"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"207","article-title":"Airborne LiDAR feature selection for urban classification using random forests","volume":"38","author":"chehata","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Arch Photogramm Remote Sens Spatial Inf Sci"},{"key":"ref63","article-title":"An overview of multi-task learning in deep neural networks","author":"ruder","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00422"},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"446","article-title":"Residual blocks PointNet: A novel faster PointNet framework for segmentation and estimated pose","author":"xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc 5th IEEE Int Conf Cloud Comput Intell Syst"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298965"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.324"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs3030638"},{"key":"ref69","first-page":"2017","article-title":"Spatial transformer networks","author":"jaderberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs2030833"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00903"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-55342-9"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs5126260"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/isprs-annals-IV-2-231-2018"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14358\/PERS.71.3.313"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.84.5.1050"},{"key":"ref98","article-title":"3D Graph embedding learning with a structure-aware loss function for point cloud semantic instance segmentation","author":"liang","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2014.04.016"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2019.2953092"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.605"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2017.04.007"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1093\/jof\/98.6.44","article-title":"LiDAR remote sensing for forestry","volume":"98","author":"dubayah","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Forestry"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2004.09.015"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10081183"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2017.01.005"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jag.2019.01.007"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs70911202"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000104"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.1580"},{"key":"ref81","first-page":"71","article-title":"Comparison of filtering algorithms","author":"sithole","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc ISPRS Working Group III\/3 Workshop"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8090730"},{"key":"ref84","first-page":"110","article-title":"DEM generation from laser scanner data using adaptive TIN models","volume":"33","author":"axelsson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int Arch Photogrammetry Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2016.03.016"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2006.890412"},{"key":"ref80","article-title":"Adam: A method for stochastic optimization","author":"kingma","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref89","first-page":"121","article-title":"Exploring data augmentation for improved singing voice detection with neural networks","author":"schl\u00fcter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Int Soc for Music Inf Retrieval Conf"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2013.04.001"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2013.06.007"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2015.2436974"},{"key":"ref88","article-title":"FUSION\/LDV: Software for LiDAR data analysis and visualization","author":"mcgaughey","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/4609443\/8994817\/09138684.pdf?arnumber=9138684","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T22:11:59Z","timestamp":1723241519000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9138684\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":101,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jstars.2020.3008477","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1404","type":"print"},{"value":"2151-1535","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}}}